¶ … Daily Hassles Scale; Beck Depression Inventory; and Ways of Coping Questionnaire The Daily Hassles and Uplifts (HSUP) scale, created by Richard S. Lazarus and Susan Folkman, measures participants attitudes about daily events characterized (by them,) as either "hassles" or "uplifts." Instead of focusing on potentially stressful events as overwhelming and frustrating, the tool provides participants with a way in which they can regard them as life-changing thereby growth producing, and positive. The Uplifts scale suggests positive aspects of daily life and counteracts stress and consists of three scales: the Hassles scale, the Uplift scale, and the Combined scale.

The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI, BDI-II), created by Dr. Aahron Beck, is a 21-question multiple choice self-inventory (each item scored on a scale of 0-3) and one of the most widely used instruments for measuring depression. It believes that depression stems from cognitive attitudes and breaks depression into three categories: affective, physical, and cognitive by relating symptoms of depression to items such as hopelessness and irritability, physical symptoms such as weight-loss and fatigue, and cognitive feelings of, for instance, guilt and anxiety. The BDI has three versions: the original version published in 1961, and revised as BDI -- A and finally as BDI-II.

The Ways of Coping Questionnaire (WAYS), created by Susan Folkman and Richard Lazarus, measures the thoughts and actions that people use to measure stressful stituations. Similar to the HSUP, the WAYS identifies, assesses and measures processes (not styles) in which people can better cope with stressful situations. Researchers have often used this tool to measure the determinants of coping. Its scales include items on Confrontive Coping, Distancing, Self-Controlling, Seeking Social Support, Accepting Responsibility, Escape-Avoidance, Planful Problem Solving, and Positive Reappraisal.

2. Data about each tool, such as cost, length, the ease in using the tool, for what populations it is best designed, and the validity...

Data for the combined scale is reported for a population aged 65 to 74, and the combined scale is, therefore, relevant for an elderly population. Both scales can be used for both normative and intraindividual analysis.
The HSUP manual (or sampler set) is reliable in that it was tested on a wide sample of 448 adults and 432 college students and that they have been tested on both cross-sectional and prospective studies of the stress process. The HSUP consists of three scales: the Hassles scale has 117 items; the Uplift Scale has 135 items, whereas the Combined scale has 53 items. The entire scale takes approximately 10 minutes to complete each scale and is not difficult. It costs $40.00.

The Beck Depression Inventory (1996) is one of the most widely used instruments for measuring depression. The questionnaire (21 items comprised of 4 statements that deal with a specific issue of depression in increasing severity) targets individuals aged 13 to 80 years. The BD-II is considered extremely valid in that it shows excellent agreement with the Hamilton Depression rating scale and has had high-test-retest reliability as well as high internal consistency. It is widely used by health care professionals and researchers in a variety of settings. The scale takes 5 minutres to complete and can be self-administered or verablly administered by a trained indivdiual. It exists in Spanish and English and costs $115.50.

The WAYS can be completed in approximately 10 minutes. The scales are rated from 0-3. Its use ranges from high school to adults and, being easy, can be self-administered. It costs $40.00.

3. Describe how this tool enhances the assessment phase of the nursing process and affects the quality of health care delivered by the nurse. how applying Watson's theory of human caring integrates the mind-body-spirit dimensions.

The HSUP and the WAYS are both useful tools that can help nurses work with patients to develop…