It's a common problem and luckily it is one which can be fixed if it's addressed properly. Alternatives

One of the best solutions to procrastination and rampant disorganization is to get the person in question to admit that he has a problem and to get him to admit that he's preventing himself from functioning at his highest level of productivity and success.

Introducing general organizational skills to Carl could be a crucial factor in his success. Carl might never have received such basic training when he was developing. "Employees in the workplace must have general organizational skills, which allow them to determine the supplies they need, how to arrange their files and whom to contact for specific information. Managers who work with employees will often organize the work of employees to keep them busy, especially those that require a lot of direction, like file clerks or contract workers" (Suttle). In conjunction with that skill, Carl will need to learn basic planning skills and how to get projects completed within specific time periods, and how to plan accurately to bring tasks to fruition and to anticipate problems that could potentially delay the project (Suttle). Carl also needs to be taught skills that orbit around scheduling, resource allocation, and meeting deadlines and time management (Suttle).

Proposed Solution

The alternatives proposed above are all viable ways to correct the problem and are all skills that Carl needs to learn in order to do so. However, the most important solution that is liable to be the most effective is any one which is targeted for procrastinators. So the solution would have to start with asking Carl to do some soul-searching and come up with his fears or anxieties related to finishing tasks, or other issues which could be getting in the way. All organization techniques have to be paired with a tip or strategy that is targeted to procrastination.

For example, in the case study provided, the following tip could probably...

"Instead of thinking about how far you are from the finish line, says psychologist Neil Fiore, Ph.D., author of The Now Habit: a Strategic Program for Overcoming Procrastination and Enjoying Guilt-Free Play, concentrate on starting. And if you do begin a lengthy, boring project -- say, organizing the pantry -- only to soon find yourself browsing Depression glass on eBay, don't get upset or throw in the towel. Just ask, "When can I start again?" (Kirsch, 2013). Staying focused on the beginning, and being okay to begin over and over again can take away the fears one might have regarding finishing the task. Giving Carl techniques about separating his sense of self-worth from the tasks he's given at his job is also important.
Recommendations

Aside from teaching Carl from scratch how to be a more organized, productive person in a manner which targets his habit to procrastinate, Carl also needs to learn how to communicate more effectively with others. His inability to communicate with Joe is either a result of not knowing how to, or another facet of procrastination, or both. Teaching Carl how to engage in dialogue with his coworkers about what he needs and thinks is essential to his own success on the job.