Japanese Culture
Key Components of Japanese Culture
As with every culture, Japanese culture includes a number of elements which make the culture uniquely its own. Japan is a very homogeneous nation whose people place high value on the norms of acceptable behavior. The Japanese value harmony, conformity and predictability. Japanese cultural norms require people to go to great lengths to avoid actions that might disrupt the harmony of the group. Japanese people feel themselves to be accountable to the group, not the individual; in fact, individualistic behavior is frowned upon. The Japanese believe that conformity produces harmony, the supreme value (Denison, 2002).
While the Japanese people regard their culture as unique, they are actually very flexible and open to adapting to outside influences. Foreign sports and fashions as well as modern technology have gained wide acceptance and dissemination. Also, Japan's written language originated in China, while the Buddhist religion came to them from Korea. The Japanese language, with its 4000 character alphabet, has only past and non-past verb tenses (Denison, 2002). The language is also full of American words which are widely used and accepted. (Bucknall, 2010).
While written Japanese is based on Chinese ideographs or characters, spoken Japanese is not closely related to the spoken Chinese language. As part of their written language, the Japanese also use two phonetic alphabets that have been simplified from the ideographs, as well as a third phonetic alphabet that uses Roman letters (Denison, 2002).
Symbolism is also an important part of Japanese culture. Some standard symbols encountered in the arts include the following:
Pine tree -- Long life
Bamboo -- Constancy and virtue
Fern -- Expanding good fortune
Lobster -- Old age
Carp fish -- Strength and determination
Peach blossom -- Happiness in marriage and the feminine virtues of softness, mildness, and peacefulness
Sweet potato -- Struggle of the poor to survive
Pine needles, mandarin ducks -- Marital fidelity (Bucknall, 2010).
Japanese clothing includes...
The term originally referred to clothing in general but has more recently come to mean traditional Japanese clothing worn for special occasions. For everyday clothing, Japanese people wear clothing very similar to clothes found in western cultures (Culture of Japan, 2012).
Another cultural norm is the value that the Japanese place on education. Japan enjoys one of the world's highest literacy rates, with 98% of students completing high school. In addition to their regular schooling, many Japanese children attend juku, that is, extra classes in the evenings and during holidays (Culture of Japan, 2012). Young Japanese are often sent to study in English-speaking countries such as America or England (Bucknall, 2010). Japanese education consists of much rote learning, discipline, and emphasis on conformity while at the same time discouraging questioning and creativity. There is also a fiercely competitive struggle among children to succeed and advance up the educational ladder to the best universities (Bucknall, 2010).
Food plays an important part in Japanese culture. The appearance of the meal is very important; in fact, food and dishes are considered to be an art. Meals are arranged with care on beautiful plates and bowls (Culture of Japan, 2012).
Sado, the tea ceremony, is an art form and an important aspect of the Japanese lifestyle. The ceremony is made up of rituals that must be learned by heart, part of a custom that has been strongly influenced by Zen Buddhism. The tea symbolizes the recognition that every human encounter is a singular occasion which will never exactly recur again; consequently every aspect of tea must be savored for what it presents to the participants. The ceremony consists of the host bringing the tea utensils into the room specially designated for tea, then offering the guests special sweets. The tea drinking is followed by a discussion and appreciation of the qualities of the utensils. The artistic disciplines of the tea ceremony may be studied for years while students accomplish different levels of achievement (Culture of Japan, 2012).
In addition to the tea ceremony, Japanese art takes…
