" The use of oil paints was important in Italy during the Renaissance as well as the printing press which came out of Germany. Italy, according to Muhlberger (1999) and specifically the city of Florence took the lead in "setting styles in thought, literary expression, art and education." The Renaissance was a "movement of self-assertion." (Muhlberger, 1999) in this work the two legacies of Petrarch are explained as well as the view of the humanists. The art of the renaissance is characterized by its "interest in the individual" as well as by the development of technique that made that depiction possible."
2. The Renaissance: Part I online at http://www.blackstudies.ucsb.edu/antillians/renaissance1.html
The challenge of the method of the interpretation of Roman Law did not result in that law being overthrown by Renaissance Theorists who contended that the government's function or their primary task was the maintenance of security and peace. It was maintained by Machiavelli that the virtu or the creative force of the one who ruled was key to the survival of his position and his subjects' well being. The city-states in Italy were transformed from communes to territorial states and all sought expansion at the others' expense. Unification in the territories of Spain, France and England occurred.
3. Burckhardt, Jacob (2000) the Civilization of the Renaissance in Italy: The Development of the Individual: Part II the World Wide School, Publication Date: May 2000
Explaining that this was a time when the usual distinguishing differences expressed in the education and social status of the individual were not separated by a clear line of division, Burkhardt explains socio-political changes experienced at this time in history both in terms of the position of the individual as well as the governance of those socio-political dimensions.
4. Italy (1984) New Standard Encyclopedia Volume 7 Chicago
This work tells of the state religion of Roman Catholicism that claimed 90% of the citizens during the Renaissance. The ministry...
However, the areas of art, music and other creative endeavors were vibrant and the political scene was volatile. Giving an entire rendition of the Italian Renaissance this work is efficiently complete.
5. Niccolo Macchiavelli. Il Principe. As reproduced in Readings in European History, trans. N.H. Thomson, ed. James Harvey Robinson, vol. 2 (Boston: Ginn and Company, 1906), 13-15.
Macchiavelli wrote that knowing exactly what valor was comprised of was something he questioned. He also said that the valor of the Italian army was the only kind of army one needed in battle. He wrote as well of defying the system and what the results possibly might be in that day and time.
CAUSE and EFFECT
The blending of the social classes occurred due to the education of the classes becoming more and more similar.
Increases in trade resulted in increases in wealth and changes in the classes.
The traditional realms of society and thereby politics was one result from the activities within the renaissance.
Rebellion in the society bred a new brand of artistic individual in the arts, music and other forms of creativity during the Renaissance.
References
Niccolo Macchiavelli. Il Principe. As reproduced in Readings in European History, trans. N.H. Thomson, ed. James Harvey Robinson, vol. 2 (Boston: Ginn and Company, 1906), 13-15.
Italy (1984) New Standard Encyclopedia Volume 7 Chicago
Burckhardt, Jacob (2000) the Civilization of the Renaissance in Italy: The Development of the Individual: Part II the World Wide School, Publication Date: May 2000
The Renaissance: Part I online at http://www.blackstudies.ucsb.edu/antillians/renaissance1.html
Muhlberger, Steve (1999) History-- Early Modern Europe Renaissance Thought and Politics in Fifteenth-Century Italy Online available at http://histclo.hispeed.com/chron/med/renas.html
Italian Renaissance Journal Article
