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By first examining causation research, and then by locating personality theory which supports the research, it was easy to see the validity of personality theories, and how they can be used in real world research. The research also tied in to course material by again forcing real world situations to be applied to theoretical perspectives.
As research surrounding the causes of HPD is undertaken, more is learned about factors that affect those with HPD. If a definite cause, or a list of possible causes, can be discovered through such research, treatment options specifically designed to address those causes can be developed, resulting in a higher possibility of success. This type of research is vital if those with histrionic personality disorder are to ever be fully cured. Therapy without certain cause can reduce symptoms, but therapy directed at specific areas would be far more beneficial. In order to gain such information, researchers must continue to study HPD from a causation standpoint. Much more research on cultural, biological, social, and cognitive causes of HPD is needed in the future. (2004, Sept). Narcissistic disorders in clinical practice. Journal of Analytical Psychology, 49(4), 477-490.
References
American Psychological Association. (2000). Desk reference to the diagnostic criteria from DSM-IV-TR.
Washington, D.C.: American Psychiatric Publishing, Inc., pg. 293.
Aston-Jones, G.D. (2002). Chapter 4. In K.L. Davis (Ed.), Neuropsychopharmacology: The fifth generation of progress (pp. 133-167). Nashville, TN: American College of Neuropsychopharmacology.
Heffner, C.L. (2002). Personality theory: an introduction. Retrieved September 28, 2007 from AllPsych. Website: http://allpsych.com/personalitysynopsis/index.html.
Kraus G. And Reynolds D.J. (2001). The "A-B-C's of the cluster B's: Identifying, understanding and treating cluster B personality disorders. Clinical Psychology Review, 21(3), 345-373.
Lee, R. (2006, February). Childhood trauma and personality disorder: toward a biological model. Current Psychiatry Reports, 8(1): 43-52.
Leising, D. (2006, August). Characteristic interpersonal behavior in dependent and avoidant personality disorder can be observed within very short interaction sequences. Journal of Personality Disorders, 20(4): 319-330.
Seidlitz, L.D. (2001, February). Personality factors in mental disorders of later life. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 9: 8-21.
Skodol, a.E., and Bender, D.S. (2003, December). Why are women diagnosed borderline more than men? Psychiatric Quarterly, 74(4): 349-360.
Trestman R.L., Coccaro E.F., Weston S., Mitropoulou V., Ramella F., Gabriel S., and Siever L.J. (1992). Impulsivity, suicidal behavior, and major depression in the personality disorder: differential correlates with noradrenergic and serotonergic function. Biological Psychiatry, 31: 68A.
References
American Psychological Association. (2000). Desk reference to the diagnostic criteria from DSM-IV-TR.
Washington, D.C.: American Psychiatric Publishing, Inc., pg. 293.
Aston-Jones, G.D. (2002). Chapter 4. In K.L. Davis (Ed.), Neuropsychopharmacology: The fifth generation of progress (pp. 133-167). Nashville, TN: American College of Neuropsychopharmacology.
Britton R. (2004, Sept). Narcissistic disorders in clinical practice. Journal of Analytical Psychology, 49(4), 477-490.
Heffner, C.L. (2002). Personality theory: an introduction. Retrieved September 28, 2007 from AllPsych. Website: http://allpsych.com/personalitysynopsis/index.html.
People with high self-esteem do not behave in an antisocial manner. They are not overly dramatic and they also do not feel like the world revolves around them. The low self-esteem manifests itself in the various characteristics displayed by people with these personality disorders and surprisingly, manner of the characteristics are the same. We all have our own interpretation of what is considered normal behavior. For the most part, most
32) The overall diagnostic and symptomatic patterns described by these points indicate that BPD is a serious disorder and is "...classified as a major personality disorder involving dramatic, emotional, or erratic behavior; intense, unstable moods and relationships; chronic anger; and substance abuse." (Boucher, 1999, p. 33) There are a number of criteria which, in line with DSM-IV, are used to identify and characterize this disorder. The first of these criteria refers
In the final results of their study, women psychopaths scored higher in the categories "Superficial," "deceitful," "impulsive," and "poor behavioral controls." Men scored higher on "lacks remorse," "lacks goals," "adolescent antisocial behavior," and "adult antisocial behavior." The psychopathic men and women in prison scored about the same on the Hale PCL ratings in "Grandiose," "lacks empathy," "doesn't accept responsibility," and "irresponsible." These results and data must be understood in the context