Cyberbullying
What is Cyberbullying?
Cyberbullying is described as "…an individual or group willfully using information and communication involving electronic technologies to facilitate deliberate and repeated harassment or threat…" to another person (or persons) by texting, emailing, and posting on social media sites (like Facebook) mean-spirited, cruel, and often untrue messages (including images) (Dilmac, 2009, 1307). Cyberbullying is "pervasive" in North America but cyberbullying incidents have been reported worldwide, so it is not unique to any particular region, Dilmac explains (1308). And while cyberbullying differs from traditional bullying -- often the perpetrator is anonymous in cyberbullying while traditional bullies are well-known at school or in the workplace -- the results of this nefarious activity are similarly hurtful and embarrassing, Dilmac continues (1309).
How does cyberbullying affect females and males?
About four in ten teenagers report they have experienced cyberbullying in the past year and more females (51%) than males (37%) have been bullied through digital technologies (National Crime Prevention Council). For all victims of cyberbullying (like traditional bullying), they have been known to suffer from critical health and psychological problems, Dilmac explains (1310). Some individuals that have been repeatedly attacked have been diagnosed with "…depression, emotional distress, low self-esteem, and poor academic achievement" (Dilmac, 1310).
As to girls and cyberbullying, a peer-reviewed article in the journal Pastoral Care in Education explains that the "emotional damage of aggression is most dramatic for girls" (Catanzaro, 2011, 84). In most instances, boys engage in "physical forms of bullying" like slapping, kicking or punching; but girls "…characteristically will harm another girl"...
Girls are more likely to suffer from a "…traumatic loss of self-esteem" than boys are when cyberbullying takes place (Catanzaro, 85). While boys' number one requirement for popularity and presence in a school environment is "athletic ability" and "macho-masculinity," for girls it is "…first looks, then clothes then socioeconomic status," Catanzaro continues (86).
Meanwhile, unlike boys, girls who bully don't necessarily suffer from "…disruptive behavior problems that characterize aggressive children" early in life. Typically girls are "socially competent" individuals who know how to use "power" to "emotionally distress another girl" and to plot through digital media ways to "…damage another girl's relationships" (Catanzaro, 84).
Female cyberbullying entails attempting to "…injure another girl's social standing" by excluding the victims from social activities, or "…stealing friends or boyfriends," or otherwise retaliating against another girl for a "perceived fault" (Catanzaro, 84). The motivations that drive girls to harass other girls through cyberbullying boil down to: a) "competition over ideals of beauty and female perfection"; b) "misplaced anger about mistreatment at school"; c) sexual harassment; d) "jealousies over boys"; and e) a "desire for power" that is intended to achieve popularity and respect in school (Catanzaro, 86).
Boys tend to show very little "compassion" for their victims when they cyberbully, Catanzaro points out (86); boys have a "more positive view of violence than most" and boys who bully are generally individuals who have a problem dealing with their anger. Boy bullies are not known to "…orient to the perspective of others in pursing their self-interests" but girls do indeed "…develop in a context of affiliation,…
