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Most of the studies stressed the need for additional research in their given area of investigation, and gender differences it would seem remain better described than understood.
Conclusion
The research showed that there were some documented biological differences in the incidence of heart disease among American men and women, and these differences were further accentuated by a number of gender-related behaviors that may account for some of the disparity between the incidence of heart disease among men and women. It is reasonable to conclude that there are some innate biological differences between men and women that contribute to various health problems, with women being at higher risk of breast cancer for example than their male counterparts, but there were also some important psychological factors involved as well. Perhaps the most important finding to emerge from the review of the peer-reviewed and scholarly literature concerning biological and psychological differences between men and women as they affected the incidence of heart disease was the fact that some of these factors are controllable and men can minimize their risk of acquiring some types of heart disease by avoiding those behaviors that, although socially sanctioned, are known to increase the risk of acquiring heart disease such as smoking and drinking, as well as keeping a handle on stress and anger. This is not to say, of course, that only men drink, smoke and get mad, but it is to say that there is a sufficient amount of evidence to suggest that these behaviors in particular may account for much of the gender-related differences in the incidence of heart disease identified to date.
Works...
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Callahan, Sidney. (2000, September 22). "Gender Differences: Chemistry or Culture?" Commonweal 127(16):9.
Courtenay, Will H. (2000). "Behavioral Factors Associated with Disease, Injury, and Death among Men: Evidence and Implications for Prevention." The Journal of Men's Studies 9(1):81.
Dresser, Rebecca. (1992). "Wanted: Single, White Male for Medical Research." The Hastings Center Report 22(1):24.
Eisler, R.M., & Hersen, M. Handbook of Gender, Culture and Health. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 2000.
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Krohn, Franklin B. And Brandon M. Pyc. (2000). "Alcohol Prohibition vs. Moderation." College Student Journal 34(3):459.
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Works Cited
Benrud, Lisa M. And Diane M. Reddy. (1998). "Differential Explanations of Illness in Women and Men." Sex Roles: A Journal of Research 38(5-6):375.
Callahan, Sidney. (2000, September 22). "Gender Differences: Chemistry or Culture?" Commonweal 127(16):9.
Courtenay, Will H. (2000). "Behavioral Factors Associated with Disease, Injury, and Death among Men: Evidence and Implications for Prevention." The Journal of Men's Studies 9(1):81.
Dresser, Rebecca. (1992). "Wanted: Single, White Male for Medical Research." The Hastings Center Report 22(1):24.
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