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.." And they are to be "comfortably clothed and fed by my heirs while they live..."
Washington also wrote in his will that he "...expressly forbid the Sale, or transportation out of the said Commonwealth, of any Slave I may die possessed of." He did order the immediate freedom of "my Mulatto man William...for his faithful services during the Revolutionary War."
Another article from the Papers of George Washington found in the University of Virginia digital materials indicates that while Washington managed his own plantations (when he was not at war or serving as president) "...and was well acquainted with the strengths and weaknesses of individual slaves. He was not impressed with them as a labor force," fretting in some of his correspondence about their "irresponsibility and indolence" (Twohig, 1994). That said, Washington didn't blame the African race for this "indolence," but rather he believed "their poor work habits to be a result of the system itself," author Twohig explained.
After the Revolutionary War, Washington wrote to John Francis Mercer (September 1786), and it is quoted in the University of Virginia's Papers of George Washington: "I never mean (unless some particular circumstance should compel me to it) to possess another slave by purchase; it being among my first wishes to see some plan adopted by the legislature, by which slavery in this Country may be abolished by slow, sure & imperceptible degrees."
Works Cited
Hirschfeld, Fritz. 1997. George Washington and Slavery: A Documentary Portrayal. Columbia,
MO: University of Missouri Press.
Mack, Dwayne. 2006. Book Review:...
Journal of Black Studies 37 (2): 320-321.
Mazyck, Walter H. 1932. George Washington and the Negro. Washington, D.C. The Associated
Publishers, Inc.
Twohig, Dorothy. 1994. 'That Species of Property': Washington's role in the Controversy Over Slavery. Papers of George Washington, Retrieved May 19, 2007, at http://gwpapers.virginia.edu/articles/twohig_2.html.
Wiencek, Henry. 2003. An Imperfect God: George Washington, His Slaves, and the Creation of America. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux.
Wilkins, Roger. 2001. Jefferson's Pillow: The Founding Fathers and the Dilemma of Black
Patriotism. Boston: Beacon Press.
Fritz Hirschfeld, George Washington and Slavery: A Documentary Portrayal (Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 1997), 92.
Walter H. Mazyck, George Washington and the Negro (Washington, D.C.: The Associated Publishers, Inc., 1932).
Roger Wilkins, Jefferson's Pillow: The Founding Fathers and the Dilemma of Black Patriotism (Boston: Beacon Press, 2001).
Henry Wiencek, an Imperfect God: George Washington, His Slaves, and the Creation of America (New York: Farrar, Straus and Girous, 2003).
Dwayne Mack, "Book Review: An Imperfect God: George Washington, His Slaves, and the Creation of America." Journal of Black Studies 37, no. 2 (2006): 320-321.
Dorothy Twohig, "That Species of Property: Washington's Role in the Controversy Over Slavery." Papers of George Washington (1994):
http://gwpapers.virginia.edu/articles/twohig_2.html.
Works Cited
Hirschfeld, Fritz. 1997. George Washington and Slavery: A Documentary Portrayal. Columbia,
MO: University of Missouri Press.
Mack, Dwayne. 2006. Book Review: An Imperfect God: George Washington, His Slaves, and the Creation of America. Journal of Black Studies 37 (2): 320-321.
Mazyck, Walter H. 1932. George Washington and the Negro. Washington, D.C. The Associated
Twohig, Dorothy. 1994. 'That Species of Property': Washington's role in the Controversy Over Slavery. Papers of George Washington, Retrieved May 19, 2007, at http://gwpapers.virginia.edu/articles/twohig_2.html.
http://gwpapers.virginia.edu/articles/twohig_2.html.
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