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Expensing of Stock Options
Expensing of stock options is a far more complicated issue. The Federal Accounting Standards Board (FAS) strongly recommends expensing of options and is trying to make it a legal requirement (Rash, 2004).
The pros of expensing options include providing a level playing field so that companies that use cash bonuses and companies that use stock options each have an expense on the income statement (McPeak). and, some believe it will improve corporate governance by reducing the incentives to inflate income and earnings per share.
However, there are many significant challenges for a company that expenses options (McPeak). Many companies have issued options to multiple levels of employees to attract high quality employees and to motivate them. If companies expense options at the time they are granted, it will be difficult to continue to grant options to as many employees. Some feel that there is already a level field between companies that use cash bonuses and companies that use stock options because the shares awarded become outstanding for purposes of calculating earnings per share. Therefore, a company recording an expense for the option as well as upping the number of shares outstanding is taking a double hit to earnings per share. Still others argue that it is futile to make a company record stock option expenses as accounting entries because they have no cash impact and that the behavior of unscrupulous management will never change. Further, there is no universally accepted method to determine the value of a stock option
Recommendations
The manufacturing company should use accrual basis accounting and follow GAAP guidelines...
Stage of completion of the transaction applied to revenue recognition is desirable in circumstances where the company wishes to record revenue as soon as possible to meet earnings forecasts and to have a smoother flow of revenue and expenses over time when there are large contracts, provided the company meets the guidelines for this method.
With regards to expensing stock options, the company might explore the use of stock awards instead of stock options. Unlike stock options, which gain value only if the company's stock price rises, restricted stock awards represent an actual gift of shares. This would keep the company from becoming a victim of corporate governance critics and being subject to possible forthcoming FASB requirements to expense the options, an expensive and complicated endeavor.
Bibliography
Adjusting the accounts. Retrieved February 9, 2005 from Web site: http://216.239.57.104/search?q=cache:IFCF5xnQ7gwJ:www2.ac.edu/faculty/JDavis/course_files/acc201/ch03.ppt+%22expense+recognition%22+%22matching+principle%22&hl=en
Rash, M.C. (2004, August 6). Considering options. The Business Journal. Retrieved February 9, 2005 from Web site: http://www.bizjournals.com/triad/stories/2004/08/09/focus1.html
Service and construction contract revenue. (2002). PricewaterhouseCoopers. Retrieved February 9, 2005 from Web site: http://www.pwcglobal.com/Extweb/service.nsf/0/829224D1965E9B6A80256C7C0042A50C?opendocument
Turner, L.E. (2001, May 31). Speech by SEC staff: Revenue recognition. USC SEC and Financial Reporting Institute. Retrieved February 9, 2005 from Web site: http://www.sec.gov/news/speech/spch495.htm
Bibliography
Adjusting the accounts. Retrieved February 9, 2005 from Web site: http://216.239.57.104/search?q=cache:IFCF5xnQ7gwJ:www2.ac.edu/faculty/JDavis/course_files/acc201/ch03.ppt+%22expense+recognition%22+%22matching+principle%22&hl=en
Rash, M.C. (2004, August 6). Considering options. The Business Journal. Retrieved February 9, 2005 from Web site: http://www.bizjournals.com/triad/stories/2004/08/09/focus1.html
Service and construction contract revenue. (2002). PricewaterhouseCoopers. Retrieved February 9, 2005 from Web site: http://www.pwcglobal.com/Extweb/service.nsf/0/829224D1965E9B6A80256C7C0042A50C?opendocument
Turner, L.E. (2001, May 31). Speech by SEC staff: Revenue recognition. USC SEC and Financial Reporting Institute. Retrieved February 9, 2005 from Web site: http://www.sec.gov/news/speech/spch495.htm
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