The third and fourth disciplines are interpersonal, collective paradigms. The Shared Vision discipline refers to a commitment within a group or organizational setting, in which a mutual purpose is developed. Team Learning focuses on group interaction, with high importance placed upon communication techniques through which collective thinking and learning are transformed. The final effect is then greater or better than the sum of the individual parts. The final discipline, Systems Thinking, revolves around an increasing understanding of interdependency and change on a larger scale than the individual organization. This can be built upon the basis of the other four disciplines. The most difficult of the disciplines for a learning organization to master is probably those based upon interpersonal learning, interaction, and common goals, such as the Shared Vision and Team Learning disciplines. These require that individuals set aside or indeed contribute their own individual aspirations and opinions in favor of those of the group. The Systems Thinking discipline is most vital to the success of the organization, as it relates to the position of the organization in terms of a wider business context. 9. Both quality assurance and improvement are undermined by drug companies who serve their own interests rather than those of the public. Clearly GlaxoSmithKline neglected its duty to fully inform the public regarding the dangers of Paxil, and a drug with certain defects was therefore allowed onto the market. This lack of honesty also negatively impacted any potential attempts to improve Paxil or indeed to ensure the quality of both Paxil and other drugs.

While the FDA imposed regulations towards quality assurance, little was done to encourage quality...

The drug was allowed onto the market, with warnings submitted to doctors, and requirements to modify labels. There was however no attempt to impose further clinical trials for the possible improvement of the drug. GlaxoSmithKline should definitely be held accountable for not providing the public with full disclosure.
10. In improving the quality in health services organizations, I believe the most emphasis should be placed upon the organization and management of patient care units. Patients are the primary receivers of care by such organizations and are also the most affected by poor quality service. Generally, the improvement of management techniques will reveal all the elements in the organization that need improvement. The focus should be patient care, because this is the primary purpose of these organizations. The most "doable" solution is probably increasing clinician competence and skills, as well as the degree of teaching activity. Such implementations can take a variety of forms. Clinicians can for example be required to do a certain amount of research, while teaching activity can be delegated to resident experts in their field. The most difficult implementation would be state of the art technology, because of the cost involved.

Sources

Gordon, Buzzy (2008). Effective Networking for Busy People. About.com http://entrepreneurs.about.com/cs/networking/a/networking4busy.htm

Kruschwitz, Nina. (2008) the Five Disciplines.

A www.Fieldbook.com

Moore, Keith Diaz (2005). Design Guidelines for Adult Day Services. http://www.aia.org/SiteObjects/files/Diaz_Moore_color.pdf

Nadig, Larry Allen. (2006). Tips on Effective Listening. http://www.drnadig.com/listening.htm