(Evangelium Vitae, encyclical letter on the value and the inviolability of Human Life)
What the Pope was referring to was the debate over the ethics of stem cell research, and cloning and to other related issues that deal with experimenting with human embryos and fetuses. In fact, today, embryos can be created in a Petri dish, through in vitro fertilization, and these embryos are used for stem cell extraction and research. It is the use of these embryos that the Church objects vociferously to, because the Church feels that human life is not being allowed to reach its full potential through these methods. However, stem cells can be extracted from the umbilical cord of the mother soon after the child is born, or even from adults, and there is no objection to this, because there is no perceived loss of life. The fear in legalizing such research is that abortion…...

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References

Health, Doctors face Ethical Dilemmas" Retrieved at   Accessed 29 August, 2005http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/health/127010.stm .

Helping Hospitals address Hospital Dilemmas" (July 26, 2002) A New Guide from the United Hospital Fund. Retrieved at   29 August, 2005http://www.uhfnyc.org/press_release3159/press_release_show.htm?doc_id=117072Accessed 

McCloskey, Patrick. "Is Stem Cell Research Moral?" Retrieved at   Accessed 29 August, 2005http://www.americancatholic.org/News/StemCell/ask_stemcell.asp .

Paul, John II. "Evangelium Vitae, encyclical letter on the value and the inviolability of Human Life" Retrieved at   Accessed 29 August, 2005http://www.newadvent.org/library/docs_jp02ev.htm .

The tragedy is that, often those who wish most for the blessing of children are deprived of this privilege for whatever reason. An even greater charity is that, when the long-awaited life finally does arrive, it is damaged so badly that medical science can do very little but alleviate its suffering to some extent. The question is whether such a child should be kept alive, and whether the quality of such a life makes the effort worthwhile.
It is important here to remember that there are various points-of-view from which to see the issue. The mother for example will instinctively wish to keep her child alive for as long as possible. In certain cases, it could be possible to help a child enjoy what he or she has of life. Indeed, many parents having been through such experiences profess that their children brought them blessings and a sense of thankfulness…...

Heal Sometimes
What personal, cultural, and spiritual values contribute to your worldview and philosophy of nursing? How do these values shape or influence your nursing practice?

The personal values that contribute to my worldview and philosophy of nursing include: the ability to empathize with patients / their families, solving the needs of stakeholders and creating a positive atmosphere for everyone. Cultural values are based upon working with people and numerous demographics. In this case, I can use these experiences to easily relate to them and understand what they stand for. The spiritual values is focusing on my abilities to help the individual feel a sense of empowerment. This is taking place using encouragement and enabling them to see how their issues is a chance to look at their lives differently. (Merry, 2012)

Each one of these areas work together, to form the basic concepts I utilize as a part of my nursing…...

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References

Merry, A. (2012). Safety and Ethics in Healthcare. Burlington, VT: Ashgate.

Pera, S. (2005). Ethics in Healthcare. New York, NY: Taylor and Francis.

acism and Ethics in Healthcare
The United States achieved significant advances in the second half of the 20th century to reduce the prevalence and impact of racism on minorities, after failing to address it adequately in the hundred years in between the formal emancipation of the African slaves in 1865 and the Civil ights Act of 1964 (Edwards, Wattenberg, & Lineberry, 2009). During that time, systemic racism was evident throughout American society and business, and it even extended to medical research in ways that also fundamentally conflicted with the Hippocratic Oath, such as in the infamous Tuskegee Experiments (Beauchamp & Childress, 2009; Goldfield, Abbot, Argersinger, et al., 2005). Today, it is inconceivable that American medical researchers could use human beings for experiments in which they were deliberately left without treatment or actually infected with diseases for research purposes. Nevertheless, racism is still evident in American health care, albeit more subtly, such…...

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References

Beauchamp, T.L., and Childress, J.F. (2009). Principles of Biomedical Ethics 6th

Edition. Oxford University Press: UK.

Edwards, G., Wattenberg, M., and Lineberry, R. (2009). Government in America: People,

Politics, and Policy. New York, NY: Longman.

Organizational esponsibilityand Current Healthcare Issues
Organizational esponsibility and Current Health Care Issues

Case epresentation

Michel Boileau, chief clinical officer for St. Charles Health System said that a hospital in Bend Oregon administered incorrect medication to a patient, Loretta Macpherson, 65, and she passed away shortly following the administration of a paralyzing agent usually made use of during a surgery instead of anti-seizure medication. The doctor said that the patient's breathing stopped and brain damage and cardiac arrest followed. Investigation done looked at the entire process of medication: from the process of making orders of the drugs from the manufacturers, the mixing at the pharmacy, packaging and labeling and how the nurses get it and the administration to the patient. Weaknesses or gaps in the process were looked into to note the possibility of human error. Doctors had determined that the patient required phosphenyton, an intravenous anti-seizure medication, but rocuromin was accidentally administered and…...

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References

Anderson, P. & Townsend, T. (2010). Medication errors: Don't let them happen to you. American Nurse Today, Volume 5, Number 3, p 23-27

Beauchamp, T.L. & Childress, J.F. (2001).Principles of Biomedical Ethics. 5 thed. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.

CBS, (December 4, 2014). Hospital medication error kills patient in Oregon. Retrieved on July 11, 2015 from  http://www.cbsnews.com/news/oregon-hospital-medication-error-kills-patient/ 

Guillod, O. (2013). Medical error disclosure and patient safety: legal aspects. Journal of Public Health Research, 2(3), 182-185. doi:10.4081/jphr.2013.e31

Ethics and Ethical esponsibilities in HealthCare
Beyond Cultural Competence: Critical Consciousness, Social Justice, and Multicultural Education

Kumagai, Arno K. MD; Lypson, Monica L. MD

Our world has become a global village, meaning that we live and work amongst people of diverse nationalities, races, religious inclinations, etc. In that regard, therefore, clinicians ought to be trained on how to effectively address not only the disparities in healthcare but also the needs of a society that is becoming more diverse each passing day. The article whose title I give above seeks to accomplish two key goals; that is, in addition to discussing the cultural competency notion, the authors of the article also:

propose that educating physicians skilled at addressing the healthcare needs of a diverse society involves not the fulfillment of a competency as some sort of educational nirvana, but the development of an orientation -- a critical consciousness -- which places medicine in a social,…...

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References

Kumagai, A.K. & Lypson, M.L. (2009). Beyond Cultural Competence: Critical Consciousness, Social Justice, and Multicultural Education. Academic Medicine, 84(6), 782-787.

Paasche-Orlow, M. (2004). The Ethics of Cultural Competence. Academic Medicine, 71(4), 347-350.

Healthcare is one of the most important arenas for applied ethics and social justice. The concept of universal healthcare can be considered from a number of different ethical standpoints including consequential and deontological perspectives (Daniels 1). An ethical consequentialist approach could focus on the net gains to the society from offering universal healthcare coverage to all persons, or the net gains of improved overall quality of life in a more equitable society. Deontological ethics stress the importance of equal access as a fundamental human right.
Because the medical profession as a whole is comprised of individual doctors, each doctor or healthcare worker is required to perform pro bono service at some point during their career in order to promote the value of social justice in medicine. As Daniels points out, there is no way to ensure one hundred percent health equity, given that sociological factors impact health outcomes (1). A multi-tiered…...

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References

Daniels, Norman. “Justice and Access to Health Care.” Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Sept 29, 2008.

Dye-Whealan, M. (n.d.). Advance directives. http://depts.washington.edu/pharm543/documents/schedule/5543%20MDW%20Advance%20Directives.pdf

Nunes, R. & Rego, G. (2016). Euthanasia: A challenge to medical ethics. J Clin Res Bioeth 7:1000282. doi: 10.4172/2155-9627.1000282

Patil, A.B., Dode, P. & Ahirrao, A. (2014). Medical ethics in abortion. Indian Journal of Clinical Practice 25(6). http://medind.nic.in/iaa/t14/i11/iaat14i11p544.pdf

Scheunemann, Leslie P. and White, Douglas B. “The Ethics and Reality of Rationing in Medicine.” Chest, Vol. 140, No. 6, 2011, pp. 1625-1632.

Summers, J. (n.d.). Principles of healthcare ethics. http://samples.jbpub.com/9781449665357/Chapter2.pdf

https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/justice-healthcareaccess/

Unfortunately for Kate, a private faith-based healthcare institution in the United States generally has a legal right to refuse access to abortion based on the principle of conscientious objection (Levin, 2016; Fiala & Arthur, 2017). Conscientious objection refers to the health care provider (or in this case, the insurance provider’s) ability to refuse to take action based on religious principles or beliefs. In this case, and in all similar cases, the legal right to refuse treatment should be separated from Kate’s rights as a patient. Ultimately, Kate’s rights to ethical treatment, medical justice, and autonomy far outweigh the hospital’s right to conscientious objection. The only compromise that can possibly be reached in this case would be for the institution to refer Kate to a nearby institution that could perform the procedure. If, however, no such institution existed then Kate must be able to access the abortion services through her primary care…...

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References

Fiala, C. & Arthur, J.H. (2017). There is no defense for ‘conscientious objection” in reproductive health care. European Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Reproductive Biology 216(2017): 254-258.

Levin, J. (2016). Partnerships between faith-based and medical sectors. Prev Med Rep 2016(4): 344-350.

Rosell, T. (n.d.). Abortion rights and/or wrongs. Center for Practical Bioethics.

http://practicalbioethics.org/case-studies-abortion-rights-and-or-wrongs

Assuming all those issues are addressed, mandatory HPV vaccination may be a good idea for all children and the option should be made available to adults and funded, at least in part, by government funds and profit limitations on vaccine sales. EFEENCES

Allen, Terry, J. Merck's Murky Dealings: HPV Vaccine Lobby Backfires; Corpwatch (March 7, 2008). etrieved March 26, 2008, from Corpwatch: Holding Corporations Accountable website, at http://www.corpwatch.org/article.php?id=14401

Pharmaceutical News (March 5, 2008) Safety of Merck's HPV Vaccine Gardasil 'Lost' in Debate. etrieved March 26, 2008, from News-Medical.net…...

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REFERENCES

Allen, Terry, J. Merck's Murky Dealings: HPV Vaccine Lobby Backfires; Corpwatch (March 7, 2008). Retrieved March 26, 2008, from Corpwatch: Holding Corporations Accountable website, at  http://www.corpwatch.org/article.php?id=14401 

Pharmaceutical News (March 5, 2008) Safety of Merck's HPV Vaccine Gardasil 'Lost' in Debate. Retrieved March 26, 2008, from News-Medical.net website, at  http://www.news-medical.net/?id=22415 .

Ethics in a Long-Term Healthcare Business
Ethics in the health care industry spans a wide spectrum of activities and most of the obligations are cast by law on the professionals and the second by the common practice and morals of the profession. Both are important to the progress of the institution and also the health care industry. Compliance of statutes is of primary importance.

Compliance

There are many rules and statutes that must be complied with by all organizations and one such recent legislation is the hospital information access system. The HIPAA rules apply to all personnel in the system and extend to laboratory technicians, and lawyers and insurers. The culpability comes if the information was disclosed to a third party who did not have an association with the entity -- the clinic and was permitted to access the information. In such cases where the physician discloses information to another person who may…...

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References

Andre, Claire; Velasquez, Manuel. (2013) "Aged-Based Health Care Rationing" Retrieved 8

June, 2013 from  http://www.scu.edu/ethics/publications/iie/v3n3/age.html 

Chaikind, Hinda R. (2004) "The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability ACT

(Hipaa): Overview and Analyses" Nova Publishers.

Healthcare esources
Allocating Healthcare esources

Allocation of Healthcare esources

It may seem that the resources that a healthcare organization has at its disposal is contained in a very small list, but for proper allocation of total resources every possible thing has to be considered. esources refers not only to the money that a business has on hand, but the people, buildings, land, recruitment of people, retention and finances. An organization is the sum of all of its parts and must operate within the framework of those resources. How those resources are allocated is an important function of the control of the organization also. This essay will discuss the resource acquisition and allocation processes in a healthcare organization with specific emphasis regarding those processes in allocating financial, operating, capital, human, recruitment, and retention resources.

esource Acquisition and Allocation

In one aspect a healthcare organization is no different from any other organization depending on type. Healthcare businesses…...

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References

Kroger, A. (2003). "Ethics in healthcare organizations." Healthcare Management, 27(3),

21-25.

Longest, B.B., & Darr, K. (2008). Controlling and allocating resources. In, Managing

health services organizations and systems (pp. 433-470). Baltimore, MD: Health

Health and Legislative Issues
All Americans have the desire of having a healthcare system which is capable of delivering world-class security together with financial security. The system in place should always be accessible and one that impacts the economy positively. Successful healthcare reforms will lead to a maximization of the choices available for consumers put a restrain to the ever increasing medical care costs and make healthcare accessible to more and more Americans. There are a number of organizations that have consistently urged the president and congress on building on the existing systems which strengths in order to achieve health reform solutions that are workable in a bipartisan manner. However, there are some healthcare legislative issues that come up and have effects on various stakeholders such as legislators, consumers and other healthcare professionals. This paper will look at one of the current health legislative issues, who is affected most by the…...

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References

Mears, B.(2012). Health care's big four issues: What the justices are tackling. Retrieved March 12, 2014 from  http://www.cnn.com/2012/06/17/politics/health-care-issues/ 

ANA.(2010). Nursing Beyond Borders: Access to Health Care for Documented and Undocumented Immigrants Living in the U.S. Retrieved March 12, 2014 from  http://www.nursingworld.org/MainMenuCategories/Policy-Advocacy/Positions-and-Resolutions/Issue-Briefs/Access-to-care-for-immigrants.pdf 

Goodman, J., (2012). The Impact of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act on Job Creators and the Economy. Retrieved March 12, 2014 from  http://www.independent.org/issues/article.asp?id=3385 

American College of Emergency Physicians, (2013). The Ethics of Health Care Reform: Issues in Emergency - Medicine - An Information Paper. Retrieved March 12, 2014 from  http://www.acep.org/Content.aspx?id=80871

Conclusion

Prejudice and ethical/leadership issues with healthcare are nothing new but the fight to keep those standards and ethics on an even keel and prevent racism, bigotry and predudice of any sort including based on class, money, political ideology, nationalism, and so forth should be stomped out and eviscerated whenever it can be. People are people and should treated with dignity and respect regardless of their race, gender, beliefs and so forth. Even convicted murderers and rapists should not be treated disdain due to their actions because doing otherwise lowers the ethics and standards of the healthcare community that can and should still apply at all times.

eferences

Callahan, M. (2008). Healthcare providers constricted by financial, legislative, and regulatory issues. The Journal of Medical Practice Management: MPM, 24(3),

143-146.

Cobaugh, D., Angner, E., Kiefe, C., ay, M., Lacivita, C., Weissman, N., & ... Allison, J.

(2008). Effect of racial differences on ability to afford prescription medications.

American…...

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References

Callahan, M. (2008). Healthcare providers constricted by financial, legislative, and regulatory issues. The Journal of Medical Practice Management: MPM, 24(3),

143-146.

Cobaugh, D., Angner, E., Kiefe, C., Ray, M., Lacivita, C., Weissman, N., & ... Allison, J.

(2008). Effect of racial differences on ability to afford prescription medications.

Health Care ight or Privilege
Health Care ight Privilege

Whether health care is a right or a privilege is one of the most intensely debated social questions of the modern era, but phrasing it in this binary way of one or the other masks a deeper problem that is far more complex. The specific issue at hand is the rationing of scarce medical resources. If there were unlimited resources where everyone could achieve the maximum health all the time, we would not have to ask the question, but this is clearly not the case. Glannon argues this requires a theory of "distributive justice" (2005, p. 144), and outlines the four main theories that have emerged from the modern discussion, which are Utilitarian / consequentialist, Libertarian, Communitarian and Egalitarian.

Utilitarian, consequentialist theory is often invoked toward a solution of who deserves health care when there is not enough for everyone, and tries to maximize…...

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References

Brownstein, B. (1980). Pareto optimality, external benefits and public goods: a subjectivist approach. The Journal of Libertarian Studies, IV (1), 93-106. Retrieved from mises.org/journals/jls/4_1/4_1_6.pdf

Gensler, H. (1998). Ethics: a contemporary introduction. New York: Routledge.

Glannon, W. (2005). Biomedical ethics. New York: Oxford University Press.

Hare, R. (1963). Freedom and reason. London: Oxford University Press.

Healthcare
Integrity is a major issue for healthcare organizations because there are many avenues for fraud, and for people to demonstrate a lack of ethics. The problem is that the temptation is sometimes too great and despite the fact that there are laws in place to guard against these practices unethical behavior takes place anyway. The government, which supplies a lot of the money which goes for treatments through Medicare and Medicaid, has structured certain laws to make sure that the practices of healthcare organizations are ethical, but billions of dollars in fines are still doled out every year. The big drug companies complain of arcane and hard to decipher legalese, but the fact is that although they realize the issue and the penalty they continue to subvert the law. This paper looks at qui tam statutes and cases, Medicare and Medicaid admissions criteria, installing a corporate integrity program, and patient…...

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References

American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASLHA). (2010). Summary of self- referral and anti-kickback regulations. Retrieved from  http://www.asha.org/practice/reimbursement/medicare/regulations_sum.htm 

Hanford, J.T. (2001). Regulation of the healthcare professions. Ethics & Medicine, 17(3), 188-190.

Louthian Law Firm. (2012). Healthcare fraud qui tam whistleblower protection lawsuits.

Mattie, A. & Ben-Chitrit, R. (2009) The federal False Claims Act and qui tam actions: What every healthcare manager should know. Journal of Legal, Ethical and Regulatory Issues, 12(2), 49-65.

1. The Importance of Building Trust in the Professional-Client Relationship: A Study in Healthcare Ethics

2. Balancing Autonomy and Paternalism in the Professional-Client Relationship: Ethical Considerations in Healthcare

3. Exploring the Role of Empathy in Establishing Effective Professional-Client Relationships in Healthcare Settings

4. Professional Boundaries in Healthcare: Ethical Challenges and Strategies for Maintaining a Strong Relationship with Clients

5. Navigating Dual Relationships in Healthcare: Ethical Issues and Best Practices for Professionals

6. The Impact of Effective Communication on the Professional-Client Relationship in Healthcare Ethics

7. Cultural Competence in Healthcare: Ethical Considerations for Professionals in Building Strong Relationships with Diverse Clients

8. Professionalism and Ethics in Healthcare: The....