Sign Up Now
Get instant access to over 1 million+ study documents
OR
Already registered? click here to login
By creating your account, you agree to our terms of service, privacy policy and student honor code.
Heat Exchanger Rupture Incident
Using the information in the CSB Case Study, identify probable direct causes, contributing causes, and root causes of the incident. Explain the reasoning you used to reach these causes. You may make assumptions concerning any missing investigative information as long as you clearly state your assumptions. Discuss how and where your proposed causal factors fit into the causation model on page 356 of the course textbook. For the root causes only, provide recommended corrective actions.
The United States Chemical Safety and Hazard Investigation Board (CSB) is an independent federal agency tasked with protecting workers and the public by investigating and preventing chemical accidents, and after each investigation is completed a comprehensive case study is released to detail probable causes and proposed responses. When an ammonia heat exchanger ruptured and released deadly gas inside Houston's Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company plant on June 11, 2008, an incident which killed one employee and injured six others, the CSB conducted a rigorous examination of the equipment...
The CSB ultimately concluded that operator error, lack of preventative maintenance, and equipment malfunction combined to create the circumstances which directly caused the ammonia heat exchanger to rupture and explode.
According to the CSB's final report on the Goodyear Tire and Rubber ammonia release, after a round of routine maintenance was performed to close "an isolation valve between the heat exchanger shell (ammonia cooling side) and a relief valve to replace a burst rupture disk under the relief valve that provided overpressure protection" (2011), the closed isolation valve was never reopened. This oversight began a chain reaction of events in which operators then performed a separate task, requiring them to close the block valve necessary to prevent the first mistake from becoming catastrophic. When the flow of steam during the routine cleaning process began to heat the ammonia to dangerous levels, the redundant failsafe in place had…
References
American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME). Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section
VIII, Division I, 2004
USCSB. U.S. Chemical Safety and Hazard Investigation Board, (2011). Case study: Heat exchanger rupture and ammonia release in houston, texas (one killed, six injured) (2008- 06-I-TX). Retrieved from Government Printing Office website: http://www.csb.gov/assets/document/Case_Study.pdf
Criminal Proceedings -- Probable Cause The Law information site provided by Cornell University defines probable cause as the requirement that is found in the Fourth Amendment to the Constitution that "…must usually be met before police make an arrest" or conduct a search or get a warrant from a judge (www.law.cornell.edu). Most courts find probably cause a justifiable reason to issue a warrant when there is "…a reasonable basis for believing
This is true because of the following: Computer storage devices (hard disks, diskettes, tape, and removable drives) can store the equivalent of thousands or millions of pages of information. When users desire to conceal criminal evidence, they often store the information in random order with deceptive file names. Directories and subdirectories that contain these files can also be electronically hidden from normal view. Special forensic software is required to
Cause A warrant may or may not be required to arrest the defendant when the officer has probable cause to believe that the defendant has committed armed assault, and probable cause to believe that the defendant is hiding in a third person's garage. A warrant is not required to arrest a defendant for a felony that an officer has probable cause to believe the defendant committed. Additionally, a warrant is
The easiest differentiation is that probable cause only deals with crimes that have been committed while reasoable suspicion can deal with crimes that have been or are about to be committed. Unlike probable cause, reasonable suspicion only requires reasonable belief as opposed to reasonable certainty. Thus, probable cause is supposed to be a stronger standard of evidence than reasonable suspicion. but, the difference between what constitutes reasonable certainty vs.
Cause lead world war. In spite of the fact that it happened almost a century ago, the First World War continues to intrigue people as a consequence of the forces involved in it, as a result of the catastrophic number of casualties, and generally because it demonstrates the fact that people are (or at least, they were) unhesitant about committing great crimes in order to impose their absurd thinking on others.
Causes of Juvenile Delinquency Criminal Justice The problem of juvenile delinquency is becoming more complicated and universal, and crime prevention programs are either unequipped to deal with the present realities or do not exist. Many developing countries have done little or nothing to deal with these problems, and international programs are obviously insufficient. Developed countries are engaged in activities aimed at juvenile crime prevention, but the overall effect of these programs is