Sign Up Now
Get instant access to over 1 million+ study documents
OR
Already registered? click here to login
By creating your account, you agree to our terms of service, privacy policy and student honor code.
Lamivudine (100 mg) - monthly cost $204- annual cost $2,482
Adefovir (10 mg) - monthly cost $546 - annual cost $6,647
Entecavir (0.5 mg) - monthly cost $715 - annual cost $8,694
Peginterferon alfa-2a (180 mcg) - monthly cost -$1,540 - annual cost $18,480
Emtricitabine (200 mg) - monthly cost $318 - annual cost $3,872
Tenofovir (300 mg) - monthly cost $478 - annual cost $5,811
( Hepatitis B Foundation, B Informed Newsletter, No. 46, Summer 2006)
References
Approved Drugs for Adults. July 17, 2009.
Kanwal et al. Treatment Alternatives for Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection: A Cost-
Effectiveness Analysis. Annals of Internal Medicine. Vol. 142, 10. July 17, 2009.
Hepatitis. July 17, 2009.
Hepatitis B July 17, 2009.
Hepatitis B: Brown.Edu. July 17, 2009.
Hepatitis B Foundation, B Informed Newsletter, No. 46, Summer 2006. July 17,
2009.
Hepatitis B Overview. July 17, 2009.
Hepatitis B Symptoms. July 17, 2009.
Appendix
1. Approved Hepatitis B Drugs in the United States
Interferon Alpha (Intron A) is given by injection several times a week for six months to a year, or sometimes longer. The drug can cause side effects such as flu-like...
Approved 1991 and available for both children and adults.
Pegylated Interferon (Pegasys) is given by injection once a week usually for six months to a year. The drug can cause side effects such as flu-like symptoms and depression. Approved May 2005 and available only for adults.
Lamivudine (Epivir-HBV, Zeffix, or Heptodin) is a pill that is taken once a day, with few side effects, for at least one year or longer. Approved 1998 and available for both children and adults.
Adefovir Dipivoxil (Hepsera) is a pill taken once a day, with few side effects, for at least one year or longer. Approved September 2002 for adults. Pediatric clinical trials are in progress.
Entecavir (Baraclude) is a pill taken once a day, with few side effects, for at least one year or longer. Approved April 2005 for adults. Pediatric clinical trials are in progress.
Telbivudine (Tyzeka, Sebivo) is a pill taken once a day, with few side effects, for at least one year or longer. Approved October 2006 for adults.
Tenofovir (Viread) is a pill taken once a day, with few side effects, for at least one year or longer. Approved August 2008 for adults.
( Source: Approved Drugs for Adults )
See Appendix for a list of the most commonly used drugs
References
Approved Drugs for Adults. July 17, 2009.
<http://www.hepb.org/patients/hepatitis_b_treatment.htm>
Kanwal et al. Treatment Alternatives for Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection: A Cost-
Effectiveness Analysis. Annals of Internal Medicine. Vol. 142, 10. July 17, 2009.
<http://www.annals.org/cgi/content/abstract/142/10/821>
<http://www.brown.edu/Student_Services/Health_Services/Health_Education/sexual_health/sti/hepb.htm>
<http://www.emedicinehealth.com/hepatitis_b/article_em.htm>
<http://www.brown.edu/Student_Services/Health_Services/Health_Education/sexual_health/sti/hepb.htm>
2009. <http://www.hepb.org/pdf/HBV_Drug_Comparison_Costs.pdf>
<http://www.emedicinehealth.com/hepatitis_b/article_em.htm>
<http://www.emedicinehealth.com/hepatitis_b/page3_em.htm
<http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs204/en/>
<http://digestive.niddk.nih.gov/ddiseases/pubs/hepb_ez/>
Viral Hepatitis. July 17, 2009. < http://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis/>
( Source: Approved Drugs for Adults <http://www.hepb.org/patients/hepatitis_b_treatment.htm> )
The doctor said that I'm pretty healthy now, although I was bedridden for about two weeks during which time I changed my diet substantially to eat more fruits and vegetables and less red meat per the advice of the physician. I have also substantially increased my fluids intake -- I now drink eight glasses of water a day. The physician told me that for someone with my degree of
Hep B The Causative Agent Hepatitis is a viral infection of the liver. The primary microbe responsible for the manifestation of the disease is the Hepatitis B virus (HBV), which is a member of the hepadnavirus family. Other members of the hepadnavirus family affect both birds and small mammals including squirrels and woodchucks, but humans are the only known mammals to be susceptible to Hepatitis B in particular (Hepatitis B; McLachlan, 1991).
7. The limitations of the study are minimal, including only the fact that the study demonstrates only minimal literature review and would be strengthened by such review, specific to Uganda and not only inclusive of the whole of the region or the whole of Africa. This may be in part due the severely limited set of research information from which to pull from, but if so this is not explained
This implies a crisis for the Asian community in proportion to the AIDS epidemic. The medical community erroneously has been the typical Caucasian model for the diagnosis and treatment which entails that Asians are the same make up as Caucasians. The hepatitis B virus has been rampant in Asia and a large percentage of mothers pass it on to their children during birth. Although the virus infects males and
Epidemiological Aspects of Hepatitis B in Community-Based Health Educating About Hepatitis B Overview of Hepatitis B Epidemiology Hepatitis B is caused by infection with the Hepatitis B virus (HBV) ("CDC," 2012). The highest concentrations of HBV are found in blood, while other body fluid, such as semen, vaginal secretions, and wound exudates, show lower concentrations ("CDC," 2012). HBV infection can be either chronic or self-limited ("CDC," 2012). The incubation period can range from
The surgeon had admitted to applying hemostatic material to sternal incisions without the use of sponges, which is not recommended due to the possibility of glove tears and percutaneous contact. Therefore, there is atleast some evidence for 'inadequate infection control'. However, it must be added that the rare percutaneous exposure does not account for the high rate of infection as identified in this study. Since it is well-known that HB