Sign Up Now
Get instant access to over 1 million+ study documents
OR
Already registered? click here to login
By creating your account, you agree to our terms of service, privacy policy and student honor code.
Kant; Adam Smith
Locke: primary qualities, secondary qualities, substance Kant: Judgment of perceptions, judgment of experience, categories of the understanding Explain all six terms above. Does Kant's position (relevant to those terms) different from Locke's? Is Kant (on these terms) able to deal with some of the problems Locke encountered (when using these terms)?
According to John Locke, "the primary qualities of objects are their real qualities," such as "solidity, extension, figure, motion, rest, and number, all of which excite or produce similar ideas in your mind," which may be contrasted to secondary qualities, which are subjective in nature "like color, sound, smell, and taste" (Shoulder 2012). When apprehending both primary and secondary qualities, the mind does not apprehend the thing itself directly, but merely creates an impression of it. What gives primary qualities' an objective existence is something known as substance, or literally a "substratum underlying and supporting the primary qualities of it" (Shoulder 2012).
Kant's distinction of judgment of perceptions and experience is that judgments of perception are reliant upon "empirical intuitions and are only subjectively valid," like the sense that a rock is warmed by the sun, based upon one's touch of its surface...
In contrast, "judgments of experience apply pure concepts of the understanding to judgments of perception, turning them into objective, universally valid laws," such as the notions of physics (Prolegomena to Any Future Metaphysics, Spark Notes, 2012). The categories of judgment in terms of quantity, quality, relationship, and modality are ways of understanding how we apprehend specific phenomena.
Like Locke, Kant believed that there were different ways of knowing. However, Kant's typology of perception is more of a differential between ways of knowing and the actions of the mind, versus passing judgment upon the intrinsic properties of the things themselves like Locke. Kant's solution to the problem of much of Locke's thesis (namely, its arbitrary distinction between properties like solidity and color, both of which could be said to have objective qualities) is to focus on how the thinker perceives the object, rather than external stimuli.
Q6. Discuss Rousseau and Locke, on the nature of private property and how that is stated to what they talk to be the nature and role of the political state
Locke believed that human beings had innate rights which could not be superseded by the state. One of these rights was the…
Reference
Discourse on inequality. Spark Notes. [18 Apr 2012]
http://www.sparknotes.com/philosophy/rousseau/section1.html
Hobbes, Locke, Rousseau. Econ 205. PowerPoint. [18 Apr 2012]
web.uconn.edu/cunningham/econ205/Property.ppt
http://www.sparknotes.com/philosophy/prolegomena/section4.rhtml
http://www.netplaces.com/philosophy/enlightenment-empiricism-sir-isaac-newton-and-john-locke/primary-qualities-secondary-qualities-and-substance.htm
Kant and David on Causality; Rousseau and Adam Smith on Social Order Compare and contrast Rousseau and Adam Smith, on the importance of economic or political mark in their account of social order. Rousseau saw the development of organized political life as synonymous with generating social inequality. As "individuals have more contact with one another and small groupings begin to form, the human mind develops language, which in turn contributes to the
For Hobbes, individuals must be a larger population beneath authority, and those individuals must, by the very nature of the perpetuation of the species, cede all rights and control over to that authority. It is also well within the natural rule of law that there might be abuses of authority, and that even though rebellion might be expected, it is up to the individual to maintain that the State
Kant, Rousseau, Locke In his book Prolegomena to Any Future Metaphysics, how does Kant apply these concepts? Discuss Kant's EACH use of: - sensibility - transcendental idealism - objective reality - understanding - Copernican revolution The philosophical concept of transcendental idealism holds that the subjective qualities of human perception affect how we perceive certain objects, and experience is not simply grounded in the qualities of 'things in and of themselves.' We perceive
It is, in one sense, a give and take relationship, but underlying it are the philosophies of Rousseau and Smith, in spite of the fact that both are full of contradictions. Rousseau, for example, states that man's "first law is to provide for his own preservation, his first cares are those which he owes to himself; and, as soon as he reaches years of discretion, he is the sole
- these actions are not punished by the law because, while immoral according to many, they do not cause injury to the rights of others. Adam Smith further emphasizes the centrality of property rights. For Smith, the ownership and acquisition of private property is an essential right that contributes to and maintains individual well-being. Individuals who do not own property are individuals with no real say in their own affairs,
America took the notion of liberty and placed it in an economical framework, composed by Adam Smith in Wealth of Nations. Smith anticipated Marx by nearly a century when he focused on the nature of man and society in what amounted to a purely economical outlook. He views the violence that men do to one another and to themselves as stemming from an economical cause. The savage nations (hunters and