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Goetz, Thomas H. "Flaubert, Gustave." World Book Online Reference Center. 2006. [1
Oct 2006] http://www.aolsvc.worldbook.aol.com/wb/Article?id=ar200180.
Biographical overview, provides insight into Flaubert's role as a uniquely realistic writer, thus stressing Emma's economic and moral ruin not as extraordinary, but ordinary.
The House of Mirth." Directed by Terrence Davies. 2000.
This film version takes a slightly feminist reading of Lily's suicide, stressing the aspects of Wharton's novel that imply that middle class women have few venues for self-expression, other than in marriage. Rather than delicate and retiring, Gillian Anderson portrays Lily as strong, and actively makes the unfortunate decisions that result in her social ostracism.
Inness, Sherrie. a. "An economy of beauty: the beauty system in Edith Wharton's 'The
Looking Glass' and 'Permanent Wave.'" Studies in Short Fiction. Spring 1993.
Oct 2006] http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m2455/is_n2_v30/ai_14081381
Addresses the role of beauty in all of Wharton's fiction, and the ways in which women are regarded in society as physically beautiful and objects of the male gaze. These aspects are seen as crucial within the novel in motivating Lily's suicide.
Jong, Erica. "Fashion Victim." Salon.com. September 1997. [1 Oct 2006] http://www.salon.com/sept97/bovary970915.html
1970's feminist author Jong and author of Fear of Flying suggests that Emma dies because she has attempted to make her life into an erotic novel.
Madame Bovary." Directed by Claude Chabrol. 1991.
French made film with English subtitles. Emma's suicide during the latter half of the novel is given greatest attention.
Pizer, Donald. "The naturalism of Edith...
20th Century
Literature. Summer 1995. [1 Oct 2006] http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0403/is_n2_v41/ai_17861988
Stresses the natralistic aspects of Wharton's work, offering possible parallels with Flaubert's influence in literary natualism and realism, quotes, a "notable attempt, however, to free Wharton criticism from this conventional assumption occurred in 1953, when Blake Nevius observed that Lily Bart, in the House of Mirth, is 'as completely and typically the product of her heredity, environment, and the historical moment... As the protagonist of any recognized naturalistic novel.'"
Reading Group Guide: The House of Mirth." Penguin-Putnam. 2006. [1 Oct 2006] http://www.readinggroupguides.com/guides/house_of_mirth.asp
This online, popular guide focuses on the question of the inevitability of Lily's suicide. Why does Lily sometimes show scruples, and other times foolishly refuses to play by societal rules? Analyzes Lily's suicide as socially engineered, due to the nature of the Gilded Age, and its conspicuous consumption combined with moral hypocrisy.
Sartre, Jean-Paul. The Family Idiot: Gustave Flaubert, 1821-1857. Trans. Carol Cosman.
Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1981.
Sartre, author of "Suicide," presents his own meditations of Flaubert's life, and the way that he sees Flaubert's life realized in the earlier author's works.
Wagner-Martin, Linda. "Wharton, Edith." World Book Online Reference Center. 2006.
Oct 2006] http://www.aolsvc.worldbook.aol.com/wb/Article?id=ar600060.
Overview of Wharton's life, with interesting reminder in light of Lily's despair over not being able to earn enough money through, work, that Wharton supported her own husband financially during their marriage.
Wagner-Martin, Linda. "Wharton, Edith." World Book Online Reference Center. 2006.
Oct 2006] http://www.aolsvc.worldbook.aol.com/wb/Article?id=ar600060.
Overview of Wharton's life, with interesting reminder in light of Lily's despair over not being able to earn enough money through, work, that Wharton supported her own husband financially during their marriage.
There is a feminine side to his masculinity, that is, and this passage shows that Emma has an equal share in this dichotomy. Hours after she is back at home, after Charles has left her alone in the house to attend to something, Emma shuts herself in her room to contemplate her experience and her joy. It is here that the realization of her own feminine power, and the active
It seems to her, says Flaubert, that her being, rising toward God, is going to be annihilated in love like burning incense that dissipates in vapor. But her response during this phenomenon remains curiously erotic... The waving of the green palm leaves relates this scene to the previous scenes of sexual seduction. (Duncan para, 5) At times, the green in the novel moves from springtime to the idea of the
Madam Bovary For good or for bad, as people get older they learn that real life is not a romantic movie plot. How often is it that boy meets girl, girl and boy fall in love and walk into the sunset for the rest of their lives? The boy and girl may meet and fall in love, but what life is happy ever after forever? With the love and happiness in
Charles in Madame Bovary Charles in Gustave Flaubert's Madame Bovary represents a provincial archetype -- in fact, the exact sort of common countryside provincialism that his wife Emma comes to resent, find banal, and from which seek to escape. Yet, it is exactly this provincialism that allows Charles to remain grounded in his work and life: his "common sense" as it might be called keeps him, essentially, from becoming a "jealous
Hedda Gabler and Madame Bovary Nineteenth century literature from Europe is lined with exploration of the nature of human existence and one area of particular interest to literalists had been the female gender. It had been a period of the beginning of the feminist movement and the society's appreciation of women's existence. For this reason authors such as Flaubert, Ibsen and Henry James make up female characters to express their concerns
Gulliver's Travels," "Tartuffe," "Madame Bovary," "The Death of Ivan Ilyich," & "Things Fall Apart" The purpose of this paper is to introduce, discuss, and compare how the theme(s) of "Things Fall Apart" by Achebe relate to the theme and/or storylines of "Gulliver's Travels," by Swift, "Tartuffe," by Moliere, "Madame Bovary," by Flaubert, and "The Death of Ivan Ilyich" by Tolstoy. All these authors use their works to "expose and alter