Sign Up Now
Get instant access to over 1 million+ study documents
OR
Already registered? click here to login
By creating your account, you agree to our terms of service, privacy policy and student honor code.
Diagnosis will begin with the physical examination of the abdomen. Blood test is undertaken and in general there is an observed increase in the white blood cells. Around 50% of patients with PID have WBC level greater than 10,000 and high ESR (erythrocyte sedimentation rate).[
Stephanie Abbuhl] DNA testing, fluorescent antibody testing and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay tests can be used on cervical samples to identify the possibility of Chlamydial PID, while cervical samples collected on a medium of Thayer-Martin agar is used to identify gonorrheal infections. Ultrasound and laparoscopy tests are also indicated as they reveal inflammations and pelvic abscesses. However it is not possible to sufficiently examine the fallopian tube using laparoscopy hence diagnosis is not all that straight forward when the condition is acute. Cervical cultures are used to test for STD's like Chlamydia and gonorrhea and related pelvic inflammation. [Zandt]
Common treatment modalities
Antibiotics constitute the mainstay treatment for pelvic inflammatory disease. Treatment for PID presents two main problems. First, obtaining the specimens from the upper genital tracts is difficult. Second, the infection may be attributed to multiple pathogenic agents all of which may not respond to a prescribed medication. Physicians in general prescribe a combination of antibiotics to fight the infection. Cefoxitin, Clindamycin, Ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin and ampicillin are some of the commonly prescribed antibiotics in the treatment of PID. The safety of the drug for use during pregnancy must be ascertained before beginning the course. Also it is necessary as a preemptive measure to treat sexual...
In acute cases where there is severe damage to the peritoneal tissues or bursting of abscess, surgical interventions are necessary. Intrauterine devises need to removed be in order not to increase risk of reinfection. [
Stephanie Abbuhl]
Conclusion
Pelvic inflammatory disease is a highly transmittable and serious condition which requires timely diagnosis and appropriate treatment. The risk of ectopal pregnancy is tenfold in women with a previous history of PID. Further, delayed diagnosis and treatment will result in poor prognosis and serious complications such as infertility and chronic pelvic pain. Though having a single sex partner is the best way to avoid the problem resorting to safe sex methods would drastically reduce the chances of catching the infection. While research is still underway in developing good diagnostic and effective treatment methods a common sense approach to contain the spread of the disease would be to maintain sexual hygiene and follow precautionary measures.
Bibliography
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, "Pelvic Inflammatory Disease," Accessed on Nov 27th 2004, http://www.niaid.nih.gov/factsheets/stdpid.htm
Stephanie Abbuhl, "Pelvic Inflammatory Disease," Accessed on Nov 27th 2004, http://www.emedicine.com/EMERG/topic410.htm
3) Zandt, Shirley Van, "Pelvic Pain in Women," Clinical Reviews, 9/1/2000
4) Famolare, Nancy E. "Teaching and communication strategies: working with the hospitalized adolescent with pelvic inflammatory disease,"
Pediatric Nursing; 1/1/1998
Bibliography
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, "Pelvic Inflammatory Disease," Accessed on Nov 27th 2004, http://www.niaid.nih.gov/factsheets/stdpid.htm
Stephanie Abbuhl, "Pelvic Inflammatory Disease," Accessed on Nov 27th 2004, http://www.emedicine.com/EMERG/topic410.htm
3) Zandt, Shirley Van, "Pelvic Pain in Women," Clinical Reviews, 9/1/2000
4) Famolare, Nancy E. "Teaching and communication strategies: working with the hospitalized adolescent with pelvic inflammatory disease,"
Ahrq.gov/clinic/uspstfix.htm, through the National Guideline Clearinghouse at http://www.guideline.gov. Evidence-based findings concerning chlamydia screening and treatment of PID contained in the peer-reviewed and scholarly literature. The additional resources cited at Appendix a will also be consulted. 3. Identify a specific group of people that are being affected by the disease/condition. The screening guidelines published by the USPSTF recommend that the following specific groups of women should be routinely screened, whether or not they are
Pelvic inflammatory disease, a critical problem Occurence or recurrence of pelvic inflammatory disease or PID has been linked to STIs such as C. trachomatis or Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Patient education and simplified guidelines are needed to develop accurate diagnosis. In order for changes to take place, more research must be done to understand the complex nature of the disease and the most effective and cost effective method of treatment. This paper delves
Sexually transmitted disease [...] Chlamydia, a disease that can lead to female infertility if not treated, and as a health care worker how would you approach the problem. Chlamydia is a very common sexually transmitted disease (STD) that can lead to many problems, including pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) which is a leading cause of infertility in women, and it is caused by sexually transmitted diseases such as gonorrhea or
diseases i.e. lung cancer, childhood leukemia, obesity and Alzheimer's disease. In each explanation, I have included a definition of the disease, risk factors, treatments, prognosis, and prevention. Later, I have provided short literature reviews of four articles. Lung Cancer Lungs are those organs in the body that help the human beings to breathe i.e. inhale and exhale oxygen. Their primary function is to provide oxygen to every cell in the body.
Chlamydia Screening Focus Groups of Healthcare Providers My research focus is the study of Chlamydia trachomatis. I am interested in Chlamydia because it is the most prevalent bacterial sexually transmitted disease in the United States. Young adults have the highest rates of chlamydial infection and are at the highest risk for infection among all age groups. Yet, as a group, they do not use Chlamydia screening services. Why? Early diagnosis of
healthy individual is infected with a bacteria or virus, the body identifies the virus as an invader, and therefore produces the antibodies, which is the human body's immune system, to destroy the virus to assist the person to recover and become healthy. Meanwhile, vaccination is the process of stimulating the active immune system to fight disease in the body, and vaccine will boost the body active immunity to fight