Sign Up Now
Get instant access to over 1 million+ study documents
OR
Already registered? click here to login
By creating your account, you agree to our terms of service, privacy policy and student honor code.
9. The conflict between Gregory VII and Henry IV is referred to as the Investiture Controversy. The 11th century dispute between the Pope and the Holy Roman Emperor was centered on who would have the right to appoint church officials i.e. investiture. The stake of this conflict was of course, money in the form of simony i.e. The sale of Church offices, as well as the amount of money that was associated with a high rank within the church. Moreover, secular rulers were interested in appointing a loyal bishop or abbot because the latter were part of the secular governments. The consequences were disastrous for Germany which was dragged into a civil war that lasted almost half a century. The triumph belonged to the great dukes and abbots and was followed by the disintegration of the Holy Roman Empire. Furthermore, a consensus was reached in the sense that investiture was eliminated, and the process of appointing church officials was influenced by secular leaders.
10. The rebellion of 1215 was generated by the barons' displease with the measures adopted by King John of England. After being crowned, King John became increasingly less popular both with the commoners and the barons because of a series of military defeats which brought about a huge tax increase needed in order for England to reclaim Normandy. The purpose of the rebellion was to find a way to limit the monarch's rights and attributions. The Magna Carta issued in 1215 is considered a cornerstone of modern English law because it incorporated several clauses...
Furthermore, it contributed to the development of the constitutional law in its present form.
References
Blumenthal, Uta-Renate. The Investiture Controversy. University of Pennsylvania Press, 1988: 106-134.
Erman, Adolf. A Handbook of Egyptian Religion. Trans a.S. Griffith. London: Archibald Constable, 1907: 5-38.
Hansen, Mogens Herman. "City States in World History" in Polis. Oxford University Press, 2006: 4-28.
Jacobs, Louis. "Introduction" in the Jewish Religion: A Companion. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1995: 3-9.
Kreis, Steven. "A brief social history of the Roman Empire." 2001. The History Guide. http://www.historyguide.org/ancient/lecture13b.html
Chronology of the Roman Empire." Islam. Religion Cults. http://eawc.evansville.edu/chronology/ropage.htm
Pillars of Islam http://www.religion-cults.com/Islam/islam3.html
Minoan and Mycenaean Cultures http://inst.santafe.cc.fl.us/~ebonahue/MinoanMycenaean.htm
Hanko, Herman C. "Innocent III and Papal Hierarchy. http://www.rsglh.org/innocent_iii_and_papal_hierarchy2.htm
As compared to polytheism, monotheism which is practiced by Christians, Muslims, Jews and other monotheistic religious denominations, has virtually taken over as the primary religious belief system in today's modern world. For Muslims who practice Islam, the only god is Allah which is comparable with the biblical Jehovah, but for all those who practice some form of monotheism, there is only one true God which forms the foundation and creates
Prior to the solidification of society in the major cities of Greece, the period called the Greek Dark Ages (c. 1100-750 BC) shows that there was a great deal of trade and cultural influence between Greece, Egypt, and the Assyrian/Babylonian cultures, This was a time in which the alphabetic script was brought to Greece, and the basis of culture and technology developed. Because of the influences of the other
perceived superiority of modern Western civilization is unfounded. There is little evidence to suggest that our cultures are any more advanced than the ancient cultures of the Fertile Crescent, Greece, or Rome. The argument for a linear progression or an evolution of civilization can be countered by evidence to the contrary in areas as diverse as science, politics, philosophy, art, and architecture. Although definite improvements have been made in
Mesopotamian vs. Egyptian civilizations This paper will compare and contrast the Mesopotamian and the Egyptian civilizations, in particular the political, social, economical and religious differences. The paper also discusses the role Nature played in each civilization. The Mesopotamian and Egyptian civilizations were similar in many respects, in that they were both at a similar level of 'advancement', in terms of the development of tools, and cultural and scientific thought (such as language,
Economics in Ancient Civilization It is said that "Rome was not built in a day." Indeed, the Roman Empire was the last of a series of civilizations to emerge in the Mediterranean by the First Millennium, B.C. Precursors to the culture most identified as the seat of Western political economy, the Ancient Egyptians, Etruscans, Greeks, Syrians, Carthaginians and Phoenicians all had contact with the Romans, and eventually were incorporated through territorial
Geographic Determinism on the Course of Historical Events Historical studies often highlight the qualities or actions of specific civilizations, or focus on the choices and errors of a certain significant personality. Sometimes, however, the real determining factor with regards to events in history is basically a nation's geography: the climate, the mountains, the rivers, and other elements of terrain. This historically themed paper will focus on nature itself - revealing the