old fairy tale which has been called various things such as "Chicken Little" or "The Sky is Falling, The Sky is Falling" but whatever it is called the moral of the story remains the same: mistaken beliefs repeatedly said do not make the belief true. Throughout the ages, society has had to adjust to situations where scams, rumors, and mistaken beliefs have had to be handled in an appropriate way. The examples where society has not necessarily handled these circumstances are numerous. The Salem witch trials, Hitler's attack on the Jews in Nazi Germany, and even Orson Welles infamous radio broadcast of The War of the Worlds," are all examples of how society reacted irrationally and inappropriately to reports and information. In each of these incidents, the media, in various forms, played a significant role and, as society becomes more media savvy and dependent, media's role and influence has…...

mla

References

Burns, R. And Charles Crawford. (1999). School shootings, the media, and public fear: Ingredients for a moral panic. Crime, Law and Social Change, 147-168.

Cohen, S. (1980). Folk Devils and Moral Panics: The Creation of the Mods and Rockers (New Edition). Oxford, UK: Martin Robertson.

Goode, E. And Nachman Ben-Yehuda. (1994). Moral Panics: Culture, Politics, and Social Construction. In E. Goode, Moral Panics (pp. 149-171). Oxford, UK: Blackwells.

Goode, E. (2009). Moral Panics: the social construction of deviance. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley and Sons.

Sandy Hook School Shooting
On December 14th, 2012, Sandy Hook Elementary School in Newtown, Connecticut was the site of a mass murder (Scinto, 2012). Twenty children and six adults were killed by 20-year-old Adam Lanza (Scinto, 2012). Before he drove to the school he shot and killed his mother in their home, and after the shooting took place he committed suicide by shooting himself in the head (Scinto, 2012). He was dead shortly after police arrived on the scene. This particular event was selected because it was an extremely tragic event in U.S. history and the second deadliest mass shooting in American history committed by a single person. The shootings renewed the debate about gun control in the country, and new legislation was proposed because of it. Because of the seriousness and magnitude of the shooting, it is now a part of history and will forever be remembered. While it would…...

mla

References

Apuzzo, M., & Eaton-Robb, P. (2012). Adam Lanza, Newtown gunman, had hundreds of rounds of ammunition. Huffington Post. Retrieved from  http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/12/16/adam-lanza-newtown-gunman-rounds-of-ammuniiton_n_2313017.html 

Scinto, R. (2012). Sandy Hook Elementary: Newtown, Connecticut shooting timeline. The Oakland Press.

Barron, J. (2012). Children were all shot multiple times with a semiautomatic, officials say. The New York Times. Retrieved from  http://www.nytimes.com/2012/12/16/nyregion/gunman-kills-20-children-at-school-in-connecticut-28-dead-in-all.html?pagewanted=all

School Shootings by Adults or Juveniles
[Criminal Justice]

The increased number of school shooting incidents in America during the last two decades has gained public attention. Authorities are very much concerned regarding how to control these tragic incidents in the schools of different states. These shootings in schools conducted by adults or juveniles; have created an impression that schools are not a safe place for students.

However, in reality the situation is not that dangerous as perceived by public and most of the schools have been greatly successful in keeping their students safe. In contrast, many of the schools do face serious problems due to school shootings; which need to follow the effective evidence-based strategies in order to keep their schools safe and free from violence.

Why will an adult or juvenile bring a weapon to school or open fire on his colleagues and teachers? Are these adults and juveniles angry or have any…...

mla

References

American Psychological Association Zero Tolerance Task Force. (2008). Are zero tolerance policies effective in the schools? An evidentiary review and recommendations. American Psychologist, 63, 852 -- 862.

Centre for Disease Control and Prevention. (2010) Fact Sheet. Understanding School Violence, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control.

Dinkes, C. And Kelly, W. (2007). Indicators of school crime and safety: Washington, DC: National Center for Education Statistics, Institute of Education Sciences, U.S. Department of Education, and Bureau of Justice Statistics, Office of Justice Programs, U.S. Department of Justice.

Federal Bureau of Investigation. (1994 -- 2000). Uniform crime reports: Crime in the United States. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office

The facilitator spoke directly to individuals, as well as the group therefore extrapolating the true meaning behind some of the participant's comments. For the most part, the facilitator kept the personal bias out and asked tailored and appropriate questions.
Surveys and Focus Groups

Focus groups are interesting, yet hard to deal with. On the one hand, they allow the public the chance to speak, thus portraying the abstract symbolism and concentrations that drive the actions of individuals on a daily basis. Yet, on the other hand, findings can often be hard too read or inconclusive based on this high level of abstract concepts that derive from such sessions. The strengths of focus groups rest in the ability to test out certain theories, illustrate the major connections between concepts, and to test how the public reacts to certain concepts (Brophy, 2005). It is a crucial step in understanding very complex and abstract…...

mla

References

Anderson, Don. (2009). Public Policy Praxis: A Case for Understanding Policy and Analysis. 2nd Ed. Pearson Publishing.

Brophy, Joseph F. (2005). Focus groups: You can't afford not to use them. State Bar of Texas. Web. http://www.bishoplondon.com/documents/focus-groups-you-can-not-afford-not-to-use-them_paper.pdf

Cooper, Michael & Sussman, Dalia. (2013). Massacre at school sways public in way earlier shootings didn't. New York Times. Web.  http://www.nytimes.com/2013/01/18/us/poll-shows-school-shooting-sways-views-on-guns.html?_r=0 

Huesman, L. Rowell. (2007). The impact of media violence: Scientific theory and research. Journal of Adolescent Health, 4(1), 6-13.

Main Title
Improving School Safety Measures to Address the Problem of School Shootings

Abstract

School shootings are a problem that, unfortunately, is not going away.  Every year there seems to be another one, and by now the list is far too long for any civilized society to continue to view itself as civilized.  What is at the heart of the problem of school shootings?  Is it guns?  Is it a lack of school security?  Or is it something else?  This paper will examine some of the most deadly school shootings before discussing the Uvalde elementary school shooting of 2022.  Then it will examine the possible gun control measures and school safety measures that could resolve the problem.  It will conclude with a suggestion that American society take a closer look at the mental health of school shooters.



Introduction

The recent shooting at Robb Elementary School in Uvalde, Texas, left 19 children and two teachers dead. …...

mla

Works Cited / Bibliography

Barker, M. (2014). The Trouble with SSRIs. Retrieved from  

Huffington, A. (2007). Virginia Tech Aftermath: Did Legal Drugs Play a Role in the Massacre? Retrieved from  https://www.huffpost.com/entry/virginia-tech-aftermath-d_b_46280 

Lyttle, L. (2012).  School violence case study at Virginia Tech. Retrieved from  https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED532177.pdf 

Pettaway, T. (2022). Who is Salvador Ramos, and other questions about the Uvalde school shooting? Retrieved from  https://www.expressnews.com/news/article/mass-shooting-Texas-school-17196305.php 

Schulte, B. & Jenkins, C.  (2007).  Cho didn’t get court-ordered treatment. Retrieved from  http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/05/06/AR2007050601403.html 

Shennan, R. (2022). Salvador Ramos: who was Texas school shooting gunman, how old was Uvalde shooter, did he kill his grandmother? Retrieved from  https://www.nationalworld.com/news/world/salvador-ramos-who-texas-school-shooting-gunman-uvalde-shooter-kill-grandmother-3707899 

https://www.independent.com/2014/06/03/trouble-ssris/ 

School Shootings as a Natural Escalation of Less Lethal, Juvenile Violence
The issue of youth violence is one very much in the news since the Columbine High School shootings and the other incidents of schoolyard violence that have occurred with grisly regularity over the last several years. But while such shooting sprees are perhaps the most striking example of people under the age of 18 intentionally committing violent acts against other people, Columbine and other school shootings are in fact only a very small element of the overall picture of juvenile violence. Indeed, both these school shootings and other, more common acts violence by young people can be seen as merely the natural development of other kinds of less lethal juvenile violence.

Whenever we hear on the news about another crime committed by another juvenile - often a child who seems barely old enough to make their own after-school snacks -- it…...

mla

References

Earls, F.J. (1994, Winter). Violence and today's youth. Future of Children 4 (3): 4-23.

Grisso, T. (1996, June). Society's retributive response to juvenile violence: A developmental perspective. Law and Human Behavior 20 (3): 229-47. http://classic.sacbee.com http://www.ardemgaz.com/prev/jonesboro/aiother29.html http://www.cya.ca.gov/http://128.192.30.16/LegisGame/g7/issues/A10.htm

Kellerman, J. (1999). Savage spawn. New York: Ballantine Books.

Wodarski, J. (1997). Juvenile violence: The high risk factors, current interventions, and implications for social work factors. Journal of Applied Social Sciences 22 (1): 3-14.

As a result, both handguns and long guns are available in many states, with more than half of American households owning one or more firearms.
This perpetual access to deadly weapons is the primary reason that completely eliminating school shootings may be impossible. Schoolyard bullying, low self-esteem, dysfunctional families and troubled teens who fantasize about lashing out violently will always be factors in the educational institution environment, despite continual efforts to address them. Access to firearms in combination with these contributing elements is the deadly mix that will likely continue to enable disaffected individuals to act out violent urges that would otherwise be manifested in less serious ways.

Publicity and the Copycat Phenomenon:

One of the well-known disadvantages of ratings-based media sensationalism is that certain individuals will emulate the violence they publicize, which has been documented in more than a few written testimonials of school shooting perpetrators as well as in interviews…...

mla

REFERENCES

Schwartz, Emma. The Right to Bear Arms; U.S. News & World Report (March 17, 2008) pp. 38-43.

USSS & USDOE (2002) Threat Assessment in Schools: A Guide to Managing Threatening Situations and to Creating Safe School Climates. Washington, DC. Retrieved April 11, 2008 at  http://msnbcmedia.msn.com/i/msnbc/Sections/NEWS/PDFs/061002_School_Threat_Assessment.pdf

School Shootings
Violence in schools is a complex problem whose causes are difficult to pinpoint. Statistics gathered on school violence do not follow the norms of society as a whole. A National Crime Victimization Survey compiled and maintained by the U.S. Department of Justice, shows that overall crime rates in U.S. society have fallen. Simultaneously, school-based studies reveal that many violent behaviors have increased among children and adolescents ("Causes of School Violence").

Public schools reporting violent incidents increased from 71 to 81% over a recent five-year period according to a joint study by the U.S. Department of Education and the U.S. Department of Justice. Furthermore, that same study found that the percentage of students who reported gang presence at school increased from 21% to 24%. Although no direct connection between gang activity and school violence has been established gang activity in neighborhoods and schools often coincides with increased violence reports.

One of…...

mla

Works Cited

"Causes of School Violence." Constitutional Rights Foundation. (2011). 1 December 2011.

Dedman, Bill. "10 Myths about School Shootings." MSNBC.com. 10 October 2007. 1 December 2011. <  http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/15111438/ns/us_news-crime_and_courts/t/myths-about-school-shootings/ >

Freydis. "The School Shootings Report." Holology. August 2011. 1 December 2011.

Why Teachers Should Not be Armed Introduction
Often in recent years, school shootings have been followed by public, political debates about guns. One of the arguments from the pro-gun side is that teachers should be armed, in order to help prevent school shootings. Their argument is essentially that teachers are in position already, there in the school, and that they will have opportunities to stop a school shooter long before law enforcement can arrive on the scene and do the same. Their arguments, on the surface, do not sound unreasonable, but when examined more carefully, there are issues with these arguments. Arguments both for and against arming teachers have been examined, and the conclusion is that teachers should not be armed.
The Case for Arming Teachers
The case for arming teachers typically rests on the logic that teachers are in position in the schools, and therefore are a de facto first responder in the…...

mla

References

Education Week (2018) Should teachers carry guns? The debate, explained. Education Week. Retrieved April 28, 2019 from

Fox 13 News Staff (2019) Arming teachers: A sheriff’s perspective. Fox 5. Retrieved April 28, 2019 from http://www.fox5ny.com/news/arming-teachers-sheriffs-perspective

Kirk, M. (2018) What research says about arming teachers. CityLab. Retrieved April 28, 2019 from https://www.citylab.com/life/2018/03/what-the-research-says-about-arming-teachers/555545/

Newkirk, V. (2018) Arming educators violates the spirit of the second amendment. The Atlantic. Retrieved April 28, 2019 https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2018/02/the-absurdity-of-armed-educators/553961/

Willis, J. (2019) When you give a teacher a gun. GQ.com. Retrieved April 28, 2019 from https://www.gq.com/story/when-you-give-a-teacher-a-gun

https://www.edweek.org/ew/issues/arming-teachers.html

Should Guns Be Permitted on College Campuses? The continued spate of school shootings indicates that more needs to be done to help protect people on campuses. While there is always a chorus of voices who proclaim that guns should be banned, the fact that the Constitution guarantees people the right to bear arms is one that has to be acknowledged. Considering that this right is important to many Americans, one solution is that teachers be allowed to carry guns so long as they pass background checks or have military training. This paper will show why guns should be permitted on college campuses, primarily for teachers who undergo thorough background checks or who have military backgrounds.
Arming teachers is not a novel idea or an unheard of one. In fact, as Shah points out, teachers are already being armed in several parts of the country in response to the escalated through of school…...

mla

Works Cited

Breggin, Peter R. “Suicidality, violence and mania caused by selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs): A review and analysis.” International Journal of Risk & Safety in Medicine, vol. 16, no. 1 (2004): 31-49.

Jenson, Jeffrey M. \\\\"Aggression and violence in the United States: Reflections on the Virginia Tech shootings.\\\\" Social Work Research 31.3 (2007): 131-134.

Kauffman, Joel M. “Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) drugs: More risks than benefits.” Journal of American Physicians and Surgeons, vol. 14, no. 1 (2009): 7-12

Shah, Nirvi. \\\\"Teachers Already Armed in Some Districts.\\\\" Education Week 32.21 (2013):1-14.

Siebel, Brian J. \\\\"The Case against Guns on Campus.\\\\" Geo. Mason UCRLJ 18 (2007):319.

Thompson, Amy, et al. \\\\"Reducing firearm-related violence on college campuses—Policechiefs\\\\' perceptions and practices.\\\\" Journal of American College Health 58.3 (2009): 247-254.

School Shooting: Oxford High School ShootingSadly, many terrible school shootings have occurred in recent memory, to the point that they do not even always make much of an impression on the public consciousness. But the November 30, 2021 shooting at Oxford High School in Oakland County, Michiganwhich ended in four fatalities and the injuries of seven othersis noteworthy because of the currently ongoing civil lawsuit being waged by the survivors against the dean of students, principal, three of the teachers, and two of the counselors for not taking sufficient action to protect the student body against the accused student shooter Ethan Crumbley (Ley & Carr, 2022).The shooting began with Crumbley staging an attack in the bathroom and then followed with the alleged shooter attacking two girls in the hallway. The next victims included John Asciutto and Marco Vackaro, the former of whom was wounded, although both escaped (Ley & Carr,…...

mla

ReferencesColthorp, J. & Carr, B. (2022, February 25). James, Jennifer Crumbley bound over for trial on manslaughter charges in Oxford case. Click On Detroit.   S. & Carr, B. (2022, February 26). New lawsuit reveals chaotic moments during OxfordHigh School shooting. Click On Detroit.  https://www.clickondetroit.com/news/local/2022/02/26/lawsuit-reveals-chaotic-moments-during-oxford-high-school-shooting/ Ley, S. & Clarke, K. (2022, February 6). Troubling texts emerge in hearing for parents of accused Oxford school shooter: ‘My son ruined so many lives today’ Click On Detroit. https://www.clickondetroit.com/news/local/2022/02/08/troubling-texts-emerge-in-hearing-for-parents-of-accused-oxford-school-shooter-my-son-ruined-so-many-lives-today/https://www.clickondetroit.com/news/local/2022/02/25/james-and-jennifer-crumbley-are-bound-over-for-trial-on-manslaughter-charges/ Ley,

Parkland, Florida Shooting – Rampant Gun Violence in the Nation’s Schools
What started as a normal day for the teachers and students at the Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School in Parkland, Florida on February 14, 2018, soon transformed into a scene of grisly mass murders and injuries perpetrated by 19-year-old high school student Nikolas Cruz. Unfortunately, this national tragedy was just another in a seemingly unending series of similar massacres of students and teachers in the nation’s schools in recent years and it galvanized the American public attention to the need for stricter gun control laws. Indeed, even as this paper was being written, two more students were shot to death at Central Michigan University by another 19-year-old, James Eric Davis Jr. who remains at large (Chicago-area teen suspected of fatally shooting two people at Central Michigan University, 2018). To determine the facts about the Parkland shootings, this paper reviews the relevant…...

The last century has seen an increase in the level of international purchases which has been supported by the developments in transportation and technology. Goods can move faster than before with developments in logistics. The negotiation and forming contracts for purchase with companies and communicate with potential suppliers in distant countries is also easier than in the past with the internet and tools such as video conferencing and emails. This facilitates the use of international suppliers. However, other firms may choose local suppliers believing strategy will best suit their needs. Local suppliers may be able to provide where there is an increase in the transparency of the supply chain, less exposure to risks such as interruption and exchange rate risks and proximity may allow closer collaborative relationships to develop. Both procurement strategies are viable, to assess the advantages associated with each approach the procurement from international and local suppliers…...

mla

REFERENCES

'Automotive and Auto Parts Industry in Turkey.' (2012). Turkish Ministry of Economy. [online] available:  http://blog.tcp.gov.tr/?p=2632 .

"Automotive Industry Trends Affecting Component Suppliers.' (2005). International Labour Review, vol. 144, no. 1, pp. 130-133.

Borrus, M., Ernst, D. & Haggard, S. (2001). International Production Networks in Asia: Rivalry or Riches. London: Routledge.

Burton, S., & Steane, P. (2004). Surviving Your Thesis. New York: Routledge.

There is a lot of talk about school shootings and how to prevent them—especially in the wake of the most recent shooting in Florida, where 17 individuals lost their lives. Some say that guns should be banned (Ingraham). Others say the age limit should be raised (Epstein, Dopp) and that teachers should be armed (Rucker). Others view gun ownership as an unalienable right protected by the Constitution (Peck). And while guns themselves receive a lot of attention after such incidents, they are not the only factor. Family life, drug usage, and even other elements—such as the inability of federal and local law enforcement agents to act on tips to prevent a situation from worsening (Benner, Mazzei, Goldman; Brown). The fact of the matter is that there are many variables and factors involved in every school shooting, and no two cases are alike—so establishing a plan to prevent them is much…...

The Aurora theater shooting incident is the largest shooting incident in the history of the U.S. in terms of the number of casualties. Perpetrated by one James Eagan Holmes, the 20th July 2017 incident left 12 people dead and 58 people critically injured. Overall, response to the incident was commendable, with the police and fire personnel arriving within five minutes after the shooting. The Aurora Police Department, the Aurora Fire Department, hospital-based emergency departments, and Emergency Management Services (EMS) worked together to manage the crisis. The agencies collaborated in evacuating victims, apprehending the suspect, searching the theater building, providing emergency medical care, transporting victims to hospitals, and assisting families of victims. Nonetheless, similar to other previous incidents, inter-agency coordination and communication difficulties were experienced. These difficulties provide crucial lessons for leadership within the field of emergency management.
Background/Summary of the Incident

The 20th of July 2017 was a sad day for the…...

A conceptual framework is a type of tool used to analyze a topic.  Generally, in an academic context a conceptual framework is going to fall into one of several broad categories, including a working hypothesis, pillar questions, descriptive categories, models for decision making, or a formal hypothesis.  Deciding what approach you want to take to your research topic of how women leaders respond in time of crises in the field of education will help you decide what approach you want to take, which will guide your development of a conceptual framework.

Based on....

Yes, there are several essay topics that can present opposing viewpoints on the issue of school shootings. Some possible topics include:

1. Gun control laws: Should stricter gun control laws be implemented to prevent school shootings, or does the right to bear arms outweigh the potential risks?

2. Mental health services: Should more resources be allocated to providing mental health services in schools to identify and address potential threats of school shootings, or is this an invasion of privacy and stigmatizing those with mental health issues?

3. School security measures: Should schools invest in increased security measures such as armed guards, metal detectors,....

Title: The Complex Issue of School Shootings: Examining Opposing Viewpoints

Introduction:

School shootings have become a prevalent and disturbing issue in our society, sparking intense debates and discussions among individuals, communities, and policymakers. This essay aims to present opposing viewpoints on this complex matter, exploring the arguments for and against various approaches to preventing and addressing school shootings.

Viewpoint 1: Stricter Gun Control and Mental Health Interventions

Advocates of stricter gun control measures argue that these policies can effectively reduce the number of school shootings by limiting access to firearms and ammunition. They emphasize the need for comprehensive background checks, waiting periods, and restrictions....

I. Introduction
A. Definition and significance of school shootings
B. Overview of recent school shooting incidents

II. Understanding the root causes of school shootings
A. Mental health issues
B. Access to firearms
C. Bullying and social alienation
D. Violent media and video games

III. Strategies for prevention
A. Increasing mental health support and resources in schools
B. Implementing stricter gun control measures
C. Promoting a positive and inclusive school culture
D. Enhancing security measures on school campuses
E. Educating students, teachers, and parents on warning signs and how to respond

IV. Case studies and success stories
A. Schools that have....