2. The issue concerning the drafting of the constitution and of the distribution of power inside the United States was based on the discussions over the Federalists and the Anti-Federalists. Each of their points is summarized in the Federalist Papers, the reaction of the Federalists to the arguments of their opponents. In this sense, the Federalist Paper no 47 discusses precisely the matter of the distribution of power; while the Anti-Federalists consider the distribution of power proposed by their adversaries to be a sign of authoritarian rule, the Federalists pointed out that the structure as they have proposed it did not invite tyranny, on the contrary (the Avalon Project, 2008). This comes to show the distinction between the opinions of the two sides and puts under discussion a possible history of the U.S. In the conditions in which the points of the anti-federalists would have all been considered in the….

Theorists of Public Administration
Influencers of Public Administration

From the theories of public administration birthed in the past five to six decades, the field has taken the best principles and conceptual frameworks yet avoided a theoretical hegemony. There is richness to the literature and theoretical foundation of public administration that is a good fit to a field which is at once both interdisciplinary and applied. The interdisciplinary foundations of public administration are evident in the mix of disciplines represented in this discussion of four theorists who have informed the field and inspired scholars, students, bureaucrats, and citizens, alike.

Max Weber

Weber was a German sociologist and political economist who had substantive influence on social theory. Weber was not a positivist -- he believed that sociology could not be studied empirically. Instead, he argued that social research must ethnographic in nature based on interpretations of the meaning people associate with their actions. Weber's philosophical….

theorists on the subject of entrepreneurial characteristics and includes reflection on how my experience and personality reflect these particular characteristics.
elf-Efficacy Theory ( Bandura, 1986), otherwise called ocial Cognitive Theory (CT) believes that the two key determinants of behavior are perceived self-efficacy and outcome expectancies. In other words, the extent to which the person feels able to actualize / implement behavior, and the optimism with which he perceives the consequences (both negative and positive) of performing the behavior will motivate him to perform and likely he will succeed. The two together play a key role in imbuing confidence in the person, giving him courage -- which is what an entrepreneur needs -- and enabling him to take risks.

I am not much or a risk-taker myself, but the army was a great place to develop self-efficacy. Through reiteration of certain tasks, and the realization that I could do the tasks despite….

Importance of HB Model and TA Model

The medical science takes into account medical history and reports to treat a person. Social and psychological theories on the other hand explain how social and psychological factors can affect behavior. In discussing depression among minority, the models can help find how the depression is caused, how it can be treated and what behaviors favor or hinder the treatment. Depression is such a disease that it can affect the body, behavior and life of an individual. About 19 million Americans are falling into depression and that makes them vulnerable to mental illness. The theories can help identify which set of beliefs and behaviors will support the treatment.

Depression

Depression is caused by a variety of factors. It can arise from cognitive problems like negative thinking or biological and genetic factors, gender orientation, the responsibility status of family, drugs and medications, prolonged diseases etc. Some people might….

Sociological Understandings of the Human Condition -- Comparing and Contrasting C.. Mills and Emil Durkheim
The social theorist C.. Mills fundamentally applied a dialectical view of the human condition to all specific phenomena of human social life. In other words, Mills saw human cultural, much like the theorist Max eber, as a rational struggle for understanding and survival. Like eber, Mills saw human history as an evolution of ideas, where the ideas of, for instance, Protestantism, enabled certain countries and cultures to form a more secure basis to establish capitalism over the course of the 20th century, in contrast. The division of labor and establishing control are cornerstones of rationalist social philosophy. Mills concurred with eber that human beings could not be understood outside of the social and economic structures through which they interacted. Society as well as psychology and the family must be understood in its proper larger historical context….

Economics
The Keynesian economic theorists follow an economic model that considers three factors in macroeconomic growth. These are income distribution, savings, and investment functions. These factors are derived from the theory's determination of equilibrium in the economy as determined by the relationship between employment, prices, and gross-domestic-product (Padalkina 18). The theory suggests that the economy does not have full employment, autonomous demand-component affect rate of growth, and investment decisions are not dependent on savings. Therefore, the theory suggests that for the economy to experience growth there must be enough demand to push the economy to full employment (Padalkina 18). In addition, the economy experiences growth when there are increases in demand, increasing returns, externalities, and productivity growth.

The Keynesian economics have advocated that discretionary government measures and interventions are necessary in promoting economic growth, increase standard of living, and employment stability. The theorists believe in the use of government intervention, and the….

Criminology
Theories and Theorists

Theorists in the field of criminal justice:

Howard Becker and obert Agnew

The field of sociology has been extremely influential in shaping our concept of criminal justice in the 20th century. ather than focusing on biological or moral theories of why people commit crimes, criminology has begun to place more emphasis on how social pressures may shape the decision of an individual to engage in criminal behavior or to eschew it. Two of the most popular theories exemplifying this phenomenon are that of social labeling theory and strain theory.

Howard Becker's social labeling theory first rose to prominence during the 1960s. Becker suggested that criminals were not essentially different from other persons in the sense that they were more 'wicked' or pathological. ather, society labels certain persons (because of race, sexuality, poverty, or other behaviors) as different. ather arbitrarily, certain persons are deemed members of potentially 'criminal elements.' Alienated from mainstream….

runer and Piaget
Theorists

The purpose of this work is to examine the theorists Jerome runer and Jean Piaget in the context in which they wrote and to identify their major influences which helped shape the major themes within their work. Further this work will juxtapose the theories of runer and Piaget, identify the points of agreement and disagreement and finally to through an example to demonstrate how each of the theoretical approaches would converge and diverge in relation to instruction and learning.

Jean Piaget

Jean Piaget was a Swiss biologist who is known for his model of development and learning in children. The theory of Piaget is that the development of a child is one that states that the cognitive structure is built upon or concepts for comprehension increases in development of the child. There are four stages of development identified in Piaget's theory which describe the processes of progression in a child's….

Infancy Theorists
In infancy, there are a host of misunderstandings about what factors are influencing development. To fully comprehend those areas that are most relevant, there will be a study of the process and which theories apply. After carefully examining each one, Maslow's ideas help to explain the way that this occurs and its long-term impact on psychological development.

Over the years, there have been a number of different theories introduced which are: designed to explain infancy and the way a child develops psychologically. To fully understand what is happening requires studying the different theories of Erik Erikson, Jean Piaget and Abraham Maslow. Then, focusing on the ideas of Maslow and how they are influencing the way a child sees the world around them. This is the point that we can use these views to understand human psychological development.

From the time that an infant is born they can differentiate between various tastes….

It cannot apply exactly to any individual."(Durkheim 1982, pg. 82) This is illustrating how social science is a way of objectively analyzing society. It is different from other disciplines by showing how it is seeking to look at different collective facts. This is in order to understand why everyone will behave and react in a particular fashion. (Gane 2010) (Applerouth 2008)
Furthermore, it must respect all scientific principles and be as objective in possible when analyzing various facts. A good example of this can be seen with Durkheim saying, "The principal effort of the sociologist must therefore be directed towards objectively discovering the different properties of that environment." (Durkheim 1982, pg. 136) This is illustrating how social scientists must be neutral in their analysis of various social factors. The way that this exemplifies a theoretical approach is to demonstrate how society can be analyzed and studied. When this happens, a….

His main contribution to conflict criminology was his emphasis on the behavior of authorities. He maintained a pessimistic approach, which regarded capitalism as merely trying to remain flexible in the face of conflict. In Weber's opinion, people would prefer to give rather than receive orders. Their main interest was prestige. Conflict was inherent in competition for scarce resources (Elwell).
Among Weber's major works were "The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism," published in 1904, and "Sociology of the State," published in 1956 (Elwell 2003). In these works, he expressed the belief that rational action within a system of rational-legal authority was at the heart of modern society. His primary objective was to explore and explain the shift from traditional to rational action. He examined the religions and economic systems of civilizations. His study brought him to the realization that action could be rationalized only by abandoning the traditional ways….

Personality Theories in Psychology
To the layperson, the term personality is a generic descriptor for an individual's traits. However, personality has a more specific meaning to psychologists. According to Dan McAdams, "Personality psychology is the scientific study of the whole person" (McAdams, 2006, p.12, para.1). While different psychologists and their theories have become well-known enough to be referenced in casual conversation, there is still some confusion among laypeople about personality theory and whether all personality theories are basically the same. That confusion is understandable, because there are different approaches to the study of personality, buy they all purport to give functioning descriptions of the individual. "Personality psychologists develop and validate ways of measuring individual differences, necessitating a quantitative and focused inquiry into single dimensions of human variation together into illuminating personological portraits of the individual case" (McAdams, 2006, p.12, para.1). Therefore, while personality theories should be comprehensive enough to describe….

.TheoristB.F.Skinnera.OverviewTobegin,B.F.Skinnerisoneofmyfavoritetheoristsduetohisnotionofbehaviorism.ThetheoryofB.F.Skinnerisbasedupontheideathatlearningisafunctionofchangeinovertbehavior.Changesinbehavioraretheresultofanindividual'sresponsetoeventsstimulithatoccurintheenvironment.Essentiallyanindividualcanbeconditionedbasedonpatternsofrewardorrejection.Aclassicexampleischildrenwhoputtheirhandsonthestove.Iftheygetburned,thestimulifromtheenvironmenthascreatedadatasetinwhichthechildcanuselaterwhenmakingadecisiontotouchthestoveagain.Drawingonthepastexperience,thechildwillnolongerwanttotouchthestovebasedonbeingconditionedfromthepastexperience.Mostrecentlywehaveseenthisatworkwithpoliceofficersandtheirtreatmentofminoritiesduringroutinestops.Incertaininstances,ifthepersonbeingstoppedisaminority,theyareoftentreatedmuchdifferentlythanifthepersoniswhite.Theofficerswhotreatedthetwoclassesofpeopledifferentlymayhaveexperiencedaparticularbehaviorthatevokedthestimulus-responsepatternpioneeredbySkinner.Herecertainexperiencemayhavereinforcedtheofficersresponsetowardsminorities.Inthisinstance,areinforcerisanythingthatcanincreasethepropensityofadesiredresponse.Inthecaseofthepolicethereinforcercouldultimatelyincreasetheirnegativeresponsestowardsminoritiesduringthecourseoftheirwork.Ultimatelyasthesenegativereinforcersareused,thebehaviorofaparticularperson,inthiscasethepolice,becomesmuchengrained.Throughtimetheseresponsesbecomehabitualinnature.b.LikesandDislikesIpersonallyliketheabilityofpersontousepositivereinforcementwiththestimulusresponsetheorytocreatepositiveandenduringhabits.Thesehabits,ifusedproperlycanlastalifetimeandcanbetterimproveapersonslife.Behavioraspectssuchasworkingout,canbereinforcedbypersonalcomplimentsanindividualreceivedatthebeach.Thesereinforcersarethenusedtohelpthepersoncontinuetheirworkoutregiment,furtheringtheirhealthgoalsandpersonalsatisfaction.Thistheoryultimatelyputspersonalresponsibilityontheindividualasopposetothesociety.Ilikethetheorybecausethroughbehaviorism,apersoncanchoosethekingofpersontheywanttobecome.Iftheywanttobehardworking,havesix-packabs,beadmired,andsoforth,theymustusethestimuli-responsetheorytohelpcreatethehabitsneededtodoso.Onthenegativeside,Idontlikehowthisstimuliresponsesystemiscurrentlybeingusedinsociety,particularlyonsocialmedia.Peopleareexploitingthisconcepttolivefakelivesonsocialmediawhichisactuallyhinderingtheirlives.Herethestimuli-responsetheoryisbeingusedinnegativefashiontoreinforceself-destructivebehaviors.LikesandFollowersserveasthereinforcesinthisexample.Here,socialmediausersoftenpostheavilyfilteredorphotoshoppedphotostoreceiveLikes.Thesephotosareoftenlyingwhichportrayafakelifestyleoridentitywhichhasnotyetmanifesteditself.Asresult,oftheLikespeoplecontinuetopostthesefilteredphotos,thosealteringtheirownpersonalperceptionsofrealitywhilealsodoingthesameforothers.Wehaveseenthisrecentlywithfinancialgurusonsocialmediawhoareusingstockmarketrisetoportraythemselvesasexperts.Theythenpostfakecars,homes,andmaterialitemsinordertoenticepeopletopurchasetheirrespectiveGet-Rich-Quickscheme.Followersbelievingthefakepostsbetrue,reinforcetheirownbehaviorbylikingthepostersphotosandpurchasethecourse.Inevitable,thepersonwhopurchasesthecourseisscammedoutoftheirmoney,whilethefakegurucontinuestobelievehegenuinelyishelpingpeoplec.ComparisonSkinnercomparedtoothertheoristsappearstomuchsimplerinhisapproach.Hisapproachisverygeneralbuthastheflexibilitytobecateredtoaspecificindividual.Thisflexibilitymakeshistheoriesandapproachesmuchmoreuniqueastheaccountfortheuniqueattributesofeachindividualsutilizingthetheory.2.TheoristJeanPiageta.OverviewJeanPiagetisgoodtheorist,whoIpersonallydisagreewithinsomerespects.Ibelievehistheoryrelatedtocognitivestagesorschemasnolongerapplytoamuchmoredynamicandchangingcognitiveenvironment.Overaperiodofsixdecades,JeanPiagetconductedaprogramofnaturalisticresearchthathasprofoundlyaffectedourunderstandingofchilddevelopment.Piagetcalledhisgeneraltheoreticalframeworkgeneticepistemologybecausehewasprimarilyinterestedinhowknowledgedevelopedinhumanorganisms.ForPiaget,cognitivestructuresunderliehisparticularlytheories.Thesestructuresareoftenreferredtoasschemasandarepatternsofbehaviorthatcorrespondtoanindividualsstagesofdevelopment.Therearefourprimarycognitivestructures(i.e.,developmentstages)accordingtoPiaget:sensorimotor,pre-operations,concreteoperations,andformaloperations.Inthesensorimotorstage(0-2years),intelligencetakestheformofmotoractions.Intelligenceinthepre-operationperiod(3-7years)isintuitiveinnature.Thecognitivestructureduringtheconcreteoperationalstage(8-11years)islogicalbutdependsuponconcretereferents.Inthefinalstageofformaloperations(12-15years),thinkinginvolvesabstractions(Piaget,1973).Inthesestructures,changeoccursthroughtheprocessofassimilationandaccommodation,whichworktogetherapersontransitionsfromeachstage.ThesetwoconceptsarecriticaltoPiagetstheoryastheypeoplechangetheircognitivestructureastheymatriculatethroughlifeandhavedifferentexperiences.Thisdevelopment,accordingtoPiaget,consistsofanindividualconstantlyadaptingtoproperlyassimilateandaccommodate.Hereanindividualwilllooktoassimilatebyattemptedtounderstandtheeventsthatoccurringwithinhisenvironment.Theindividualwillthenaccommodatebychangingtheirowncognitivethinkingtoproperlymakesenseofthesurroundingenvironment.b.LikesandDislikesAsnotedabove,IdislikethistheoryasIdontbelievethesegmentsapplygiventodaysmuchmoreintegratedsociety.Fromageneralperspective,Ibelievetheydoapplybuttheyarenotspecificenoughtobeapplicableintodaysenvironment.Forone,associetybecomesmuchintegratedandglobalizeditismuchmoredifficulttoproperlysegmentcognitivefunctionsintospecificstagesandcategories.Inaddition,thetheorydidnotforeseethegrowinginfluenceonsocietymediaandtheabilityofindividualstohavetheexperiencesandstimulitheythemselveschoose.Asaresultofthisvariability,IbelieveitisdifficulttoapplyPiagetstheoriesandcategories.c.ComparisonFromacomparisonstandpointPiagetwasuniquerelativetoothertheoristsduetohisdiversifiedbackground.Forexample,hehadabackgroundinBiologywhichprovidedhimwithuniqueperspectiverelativetoothertheoristsonthelist.Hewasabletocombinebothbiologyandpsychologyinamannerthatwasveryuniqueforhistime.3.TheoristSigmundFreuda.OverviewSigmundFreudisarguablethemostpopularandwell-knownfigureinpsychology.Hisresearchhasindicatedthatnotallmentalillnesseshasabasisinphysiologicalcauses.Inaddition,hisresearchalsoprovidedstrongsupportinfavorofculturaldifferenceshavingaprofoundimpactonoverallbehavior.Heiscreatedformanyofthefoundationprinciplesofpsychologytoday.Namely,manypeopleknowFreudthroughhisessay,BeyondthePleasurePrinciple,whichexpoundedonhistheoriesrelatedtotheId,EgoandtheSuperEgo.Here,FreudbelievedthatindividualswhathetermedasId,whichisanimpulsiveandoftenunconsciouselementwithinthehumanpsyche.TheIdformsthebasisforimpulsivebehaviorsthatlookforimmediategratificationandpleasure.Thesepleasuresvaryfrompersontopersonandcanincludeaspectsfromfoodtosex.Likewise,Freudtermedthesuper-egoasthemoralandmuchlogicalelementofthepsyche.Finally,theegoistherationalcomponentofthepsychewhichattemptstorationalizethedesiresofthebothIdandtheSuper-ego.Essentially,bothunconsciousandconsciousthoughtisderivedfromtherelationofthesethreecomponents.b.LikesandDislikesIagreewithmuchofFreudasitrelatestotheId,Ego,andSuper-Ego.Ialsobelievethatsocietalnormsoftenheavilyinfluenceeachof….

A higher limit of ZPD apparently refers to the level of experience that a child accumulates as a result of being in the presence of a professor that is capable to put across educational information. Similar to Piaget, Vygotsky highlighted that there is a very strong connection between an individual's mind and the environment that the respective person is present in throughout his or her life.
If Keith were to consider Piaget or Vygotsky's theories he would have focused on having Jasmine's parents accept her in their home and continue to treat her. Also, this kind of approach could have influenced Keith to advise the girl's parents to put her in a rehabilitation institute where she would be provided with the care necessary for her to recover.

Considering that there is no logical explanation for Jasmine's behavior (especially in the beginning), Keith would have tried to provide assistance in helping her….

Locke and Rousseau's social contract theories and compares both in the light of their arguments on human nature having an influence on political right. It has 2 sources.
The development of political systems and laws directly depends on the beliefs of the people who endeavor to create a suitable system. The inclusion of beliefs in natural law and natural rights is something that people might choose to carry out or avoid. The belief in these rights and their application to social justice has come down to contemporary man through individuals such as John Locke and Jean Jacques Rousseau. Though the origin of their ideas vary considerably, they both end up creating a system for political structuring that is practical and aims at aiding all members of society. It is thanks to their beliefs in natural rights and natural law that the contemporary world has succeeded to a certain extent in….

In Santrock’s Essentials of Life-Span Development, 7e, the authors address death, dying, and grieving in Chapter 17.  They discuss death and grief in many terms, from clinical definitions to the stage of death in term of lifespan development.  They focus on lifespan from the perspective of several different theorists, but there is significant overlap in theories, especially in Western theories about death, dying, and grief.

Summary- In this section, you want to summarize what the book contains about this section of the lifespan.  We suggest focusing on the various theories in your summary and....

1. Explain the concept of the Forms in Plato's philosophy and discuss its significance in his understanding of reality.

2. Compare and contrast Plato's views on education with contemporary educational practices.

3. Analyze Plato's theory of justice as articulated in his Republic and consider its implications for contemporary society.

4. Discuss the role of women in Plato's ideal society as outlined in The Republic and evaluate his views on gender equality.

5. Explore the concept of "philosopher-kings" in Plato's political philosophy and assess their suitability as rulers.

6. Examine Plato's belief in the immortality of the soul and consider its implications for his ethical and....

Sure! Here is a suggested outline for an essay focusing on Intersection Theory:

I. Introduction
- Briefly introduce Intersection Theory and its significance in sociology
- Define Intersection Theory and explain its basic premise

II. Historical Development
- Provide a brief overview of the history of Intersection Theory
- Discuss key theorists and their contributions to the development of Intersection Theory

III. Core Concepts
- Explain the concept of intersectionality and how it intersects with other social categories (such as race, gender, sexuality, class, etc.)
- Discuss how Intersection Theory challenges traditional modes of analysis that focus on single-axis identities

IV. Applications of Intersection Theory
- Explore how Intersection Theory can....

1. Piaget and Vygotsky: A Comparative Analysis of Child Development Theories

2. The Impact of Freud's Psychosexual Development Theory on Understanding Children's Behavior

3. Erikson's Eight Stages of Psychosocial Development: How Children Form Their Identity

4. Bandura's Social Learning Theory: Exploring the Role of Observational Learning in Child Development

5. Bronfenbrenner's Ecological Systems Theory: Understanding Children's Development within their Environmental Context

6. The Contribution of Gesell's Maturation Theory to Understanding Physical Development in Children

7. Attachment Theory: Bowlby's Perspective on Emotional Bonding and its Effect on Child Development

8. Kohlberg's Stages of Moral Development: Analyzing Children's Ethical Reasoning and Decision-making

9. Skinner's Operant Conditioning Theory: Examining the Role....