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Acute Complications Diabetes
The acute complications of diabetes include hypoglycemia, hyperglycemia, diabetic ketoacidosis, and hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketotic coma. All acute complications of diabetes can be prevented through dietary management and insulin injections.
Hypoglycemia refers to low blood sugar levels that the body cannot regulate. Symptoms include dizziness, weakness, shakiness, and hunger. Hypoglycemia often occurs when patients do not eat with their insulin injections or when patients exert themselves in physical exercise. Symptoms include weakness or shakiness, irritability, and rapid heart rate. Hypoglycemia can be prevented by eating or drinking something small.
Hyperglycemia refers to excess sugar (glucose) in the blood, which can lead to diabetic ketoacidosis and hypersomolar hyperglycemic nonketotic coma. Diabetic ketoacidosis occurs as a result of too little insulin in the body. In the absence of sufficient insulin, the body cannot properly metabolize sugar. Therefore, fat stores are used as an energy source, creating an excess number of ketones in the body. Symptoms of ketoacidosis include excessive thirst and/or urination, fatigue, nausea, vomiting, weight loss, abdominal pain, and rapid breathing. Ketoacidosis occurs when patients with Type 1 diabetes do not take their insulin shots or when patients with Type 2 diabetes develop ancillary complications such as chest or urinary tract infections. Therefore, the condition can be prevented with proper care and effective monitoring of blood sugar levels.
Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketotic coma (HHNK) results from an excess concentration of sugar in the blood, which occurs mostly in patients with Type 2 diabetes. The onset of HHNK occurs gradually when patients do not take their medications or when they develop other complications or are under stress. Symptoms include tiredness, increased thirst, increased urination, and weight loss. The extreme fatigue may cause the patient to become unconscious, which is why the condition is a type of coma. Preventing HHNK is a matter of regulating blood sugar levels, through medications and insulin.
Works Cited
Complications of Diabetes." Diabetes and You. http://www.sokkari.com/complications.htm.
Diabetes Mellitus. http://www.sghhealth4u.com.sg/health4u/endocrinology/Diabetes_Mellitus.html.
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