¶ … World is Flat" is taken from a metaphorical point-of-view to highlight the development and advancement of technology in the world. The author, Thomas Friedman, asserts that the world has become flatter because technology together with other factors has turned the world into a smaller place. The author describes the manner in which technology has made the world become more competitive and elucidates what is necessary to compete in this new world that is deemed flat. For instance, Friedman offers a description of how manufacturing firms have relocated the location of their plants to international areas to make the most of cheaper labor and raw materials. This is towards objective of coming up with products that are cost-effective and more competitive in the marketplace. This particular aspect of outsourcing has disseminated into the service industry also. Friedman describes various instances where tax returns of companies in the United States are accounted for, in India. Another instance is how drive-through orders for food companies such as McDonald's can be administered by a call center that is situated miles away from the location where services are actually rendered.

The technological growth has restructured the flow of business and the manner in which the world operates. Technology has made it possible for business to join forces and work in partnership across the globe. At the outset, Friedman believed that the world is round, similar to the general view.

However, his perspective and frame of mind changed after his visit to India, and he began to believe that the world is flat. Friedman, together with his crew, realized the great progress and advancement India has had in terms of technology. Friedman considered it to be fascinating and at the same time terrifying to perceive the manner in which businesses had become extremely competitive in India. Friedman made comparisons of the levels of competition between India and the United States with respect to business.

One of the main aspects that Friedman and his crew perceived was that regardless of the limitation that Indian business faced with regard to different areas, they had far more advanced staffs. Friedman points out the manner in which the workforces in India are well-trained and more educated and knowledgeable compared to the workforces in the United States with regard to work ethics. In addition, the drive and determination that is existent amongst the Indians is far more compared to that in the United States, and this in turn has espoused a business system that is much more successful (Friedman, 2005).

Drivers of Change

Technology

One of the key aspects discussed in the book are the technological factors that make the world flat. In particular, Friedman mentions about triple convergence, which are, according to him, the actual three factors that caused the flattening of the world. This encompasses the relationship between business factors and technology. The first convergence is centered on ten flatteners which come together to create a completely new platform. The author states that web-enabled platform improved manifold partnerships worldwide.

Consequently, this augmented the extent of businesses and industries to pool resources and work in partnership in diverse capacities. Furthermore, this will be of benefit in bringing about cheaper labor and raw materials and in turn greater production of products and merchandises. Overall, this will be helpful in reducing the cost of production. This meshed collaboration has made it possible to have collaborations of companies, universities and even industries, irrespective distance, time, language and even geographical barriers. One good example is the products of Costco where majority of the merchandises are retailed in cheap and reasonable prices while they are stored in huge containers. The second convergence encompasses the development of a huge force of leaders, visionaries, business specialists, business seminaries, inventers, IT experts, CEOs, and workforces. It accentuates the manner in which businesses would epitomize themselves centered on the abilities, practices, and business moral code that generate a majority of the ten flatteners. These flatteners are the business factors and technology factors that bring about globalization. They show the manner in which the world is becoming smaller as corporations from different places in the world are becoming more competitive in order to reach at the top of the marketplace. Reaching and maintaining leadership position in the market makes the company and business look good and demonstrates how they have the capacity of being reliable. The third convergence discussed in the book by Friedman is the formation of horizontal alliance and the practices of value creation...

The author discusses the individuals who have not cooperated and competed with others, and particularly talks about the Cold War period. At that time, the aspects of consignment and trading were restricted to allied nations only. The author in the book has discussed this in relation to the manner in which the communication across the world was not undertaken as intensively as at the present moment. Since then, joining forces and working in partnership has become the norm, making it easy to partner and be successful through cooperation. Through this third convergence, more players have been able to enter into the market and have the capacity to compete and join forces in a collaborative manner. Friedman is keen on pointing out that the future of globalization for any entity or individual will have a greater possibility once they have a realization of the flattening of the world (Griesdom, 2007).
Education

In general, Friedman likens the world to a huge marketplace where individuals can make comparisons for the best products, prices, quality level and the best areas and companies to collaborate. Moreover, having working partnership with other corporations might seem better, but it also implies accepting notions of outsourcing jobs to other areas- an action that can prove either beneficial or destructive to the business operation of the corporation. On one hand, it is beneficial for the company through access to cheaper labor pay in another nation. On the other hand, it is discomforting for the local workforce since outsourcing can easily take away their jobs or transferred to a distant, foreign location. .

In denoting the driving forces, which flatten the world, Friedman talks about how the United States is not making the most and taking advantage of its total resources. Some of these reasons include gaps in the education level at the top level, a gap in the numbers attained, and gaps in terms of structure and funding.

In particular, he provides an illustration of the existent calamity in science and technology in the United States, which is not apparent to others. Today the United States is positioned in a totally global setting and that the competitor nations are not completely utilizing their potential and are trying to endure the international business.

This is referred to as the number gap by Friedman. In relation to the existent predicament, majority of the students in the United States have a preference for higher education in other fields as compared to the fields of science and technology. It is also apparent that the students who take up higher education in science and technology are migrants from other nations and not the native students.

The most likely outcome is that these migrant students will end up taking the skill sets learnt in the United States back to their home nations. As a result, this can create faster development and advancement of those nations in comparison to the progression of the United States. Another gap pointed out by Friedman is the educational gap.

In particular, this gap arises out of the increasing amount of time spent by students while watching television rather than honing their skills. This in turn causes the students to have an inclination towards majoring in easier fields compared to science and technology. This is because increased time spent on watching television lowers the ability of the students to thrive and succeed in their examinations.

Comparing with India

Friedman makes a comparison of students in the United States and those in India. The students from the latter spend more time honing their education as well as skill sets in order to excel at a faster rate. This has a great significance and particularly for the future as it can hinder the success of the nation and companies in a flat world. Friedman asserts that there are certain workers required in the flat world.

This includes proper synthesizers who can create value by combining dissimilar parts into an assimilated whole, planned around customer needs and demands. It also encompasses explainers and collaborators who provide proper horizontal interaction, provide translation services of a global corporation to the local consumers in the market.

Sustainability

Another aspect is incorporating green individuals who will facilitate different aspects of sustainability and renewability of the company, energy and the environment. Another requirement of competing and existing in the flat world is being the right action by the nation. Friedman offers the example of America not acting the right way.

The United States has a free market economy that is flexible and has plenty of…