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¶ … assist an adolescent to increase positive affiliations and, therefore, turn away from delinquent behavior. Compare and contrast these two strategies and explain why you selected each, with particular emphasis on how each would help an adolescent become a productive citizen.
One strategy to elicit positive behaviors from adolescents is that of operant conditioning, or rewarding good behavior and punishing bad behavior (Bartol & Bartol 201: 89). Parents often deploy this strategy because it seems both obvious and instinctive -- 'grounding' a misbehaving student, for example, while rewarding good grades with money, a trip, or a promised car. However, a more difficult yet ultimately rewarding strategy may be to strive to cultivate positive attachments for the adolescent, and foster good relationships between the parent and child through engaging in mutually supportive activities (such as having dinner together on a regular basis). Attachment...
Insecurity encourages teens to 'act out' (Allen et al. 2002: 56).
Previous studies have indicated that insecure attachment experiences in adolescence often cause an increased tendency to use delinquency as a mode of self-fulfillment. If adolescents are insecure because parents and teachers do not support them during this critical time period when they are just developing a sense of self, they may seek an identity through delinquency. Delinquency also becomes a crude form of securing at least some form of attachment from parents or from the larger social order that the adolescent believes does not care about him or her (Allen et al. 2002: 57). Insecure attachments give rise to low self-esteem, which is also associated with delinquency. However, it should…
Previous studies have indicated that insecure attachment experiences in adolescence often cause an increased tendency to use delinquency as a mode of self-fulfillment. If adolescents are insecure because parents and teachers do not support them during this critical time period when they are just developing a sense of self, they may seek an identity through delinquency. Delinquency also becomes a crude form of securing at least some form of attachment from parents or from the larger social order that the adolescent believes does not care about him or her (Allen et al. 2002: 57). Insecure attachments give rise to low self-esteem, which is also associated with delinquency. However, it should be noted that the theory of operant condition also allows for inadvertent encouragement of negative behaviors like delinquency through parental distance. It could be argued that a parent who ignores a teen except when the teen is in trouble in school is conditioning' that teen to continue to misbehave. According to attachment theory, delinquency is more of an unconscious form of self-expression, rather than the result of a 'conditioning' process (Allen et al. 2002: 63).
This comparison of the two theories is significant because of the implications for how delinquency is treated in schools and at home. For example, it is very common for delinquent behavior in the school system to be 'punished' with a suspension, with the presumption that the child will not want this on his or her permanent record. But a student who has little hope of graduating may find being suspended more of a reward than a punishment, and thus the conditioning process of punishment has actually been counter-productive. An attachment theorist would likewise say that school suspensions are ineffective, but for a different reason: taking students out of the community of the school merely makes them feel more isolated and thus more inclined to misbehave and lash out at others. It unintentionally affirms the delinquent's status as someone who is 'bad' and outside of the norm.
When applying operant conditioning, it is thus essential to ask what the student regards as punishment and what is regarded as a reward. With this in mind, some school districts have actually given monetary awards to at-risk students who improve their grades, demonstrating to them that the pleasures of behaving outweigh those of delinquency. Attachment theory would suggest a more subtle solution -- for example, fostering partnerships
perception of objects in infants related to IQ during adolescence? The term "social cognition" represents the fundamental capabilities of children to perceive an object, categorize, remember, evaluate, thing and react appropriately (Dilalla, 2007). This proposal recognizes the broad definition of the term, but it emphasizes on the multidisciplinary quality of research for this paper. Nevertheless, scientific disciplines vary in their emphasis on various elements of this sophisticated construct. In social
3.4 Finally, I am interested in whether or not there is a trickle-down effect from leftist or rightist politics style at the provincial and federal levels. 1.3 Objectives 1.3.1 There are two major objectives for this research. The first is to compare the level of motivation among secondary school teachers under the Vancouver British Columbia School District in Canada by their socio-demographic and organizational factors. My hypothesis in advance of investigating this is
Values Portrayed in Popular Music: Argumentative Essay The content or meaning of the words accompanying today's popular music is such that serves to define, direct, inform and ultimately bring about cohesion within society among various views providing a balanced view of the world inclusive of the polar opposites and everything ranging between the two. Generally, the individual given proper guidance from the authority figures in their lives including parents and teachers,
(St. Lawrence). Delivering the intervention while housed in correctional facilities has the advantages of minimizing attrition, maintaining attendance at sessions, successfully delivering greater intervention dosage, and controlling for both the assessments and the intervention delivery. The disadvantages, as indicated above, are twofold: First, incarcerated girls will not have real-world opportunities to practice newly acquired skills between sessions; second, potential concerns exist regarding whether content acquired from an intervention delivered
Nola Pender - Background and Overview Dr. Nola Pender is credited with developing the Health Promotion Model, which is internationally adopted for education, practice and research. In the course of her career as researcher, Dr. Pender tested the Health Promotion Model on adolescents and adults. She also formulated the "Girls on the Move" program with the aid of her research group, and started intervention studies into the Health Promotion Model's usefulness
(1999) which are: 1) Those with serious mental illnesses such as schizophrenia, bi-polar disorder with major depression and who use alcohol and drugs to self-mediate to cope with the symptoms; and 2) Those with borderline personality and anti-social personality disorders including anxiety disorder that is complicated by use of alcohol and illicit drugs. (Mather et al. 1999) Presenting further difficulty is the establishment of problems with alcohol and illicit drug use