"This leadership consists of three interrelated core elements: Vision, interpersonal skills, and courage. (Vaughan, Conclusion section,¶ 4)

Leaders must also possess the necessary interpersonal skills to work collaboratively with others in and outside of changes and transitions in higher learning. "This involves the ability to share ideas but also the willingness to listen to contrary views"(Vaughan, Conclusion section,¶ 4). Leaders, as students, also need to demonstrate the courage to "stay the course" when they have to make hard choices.

They Effective in the Leader Role Leadership, noted as one of six learning objectives NOLS purports for its students, Paisley et al. (2008) point out, "involves taking initiative, responsibility, and decision-making roles" (¶ 2). To be effective in the instructor or leader role, a person must assume control. In adult learning scenarios, along with balancing the presentation of new material, debates and/or discussion, the sharing of pertinent student experiences, the leader must do so within a pre-determined time frame. Leaders also need to establish control in/of the learning environment. The instructors more readily establish control, Mannone (2005) notes when they risk relinquishing control by abandoning their egos and stiffing the inclination to permit challenges to plans and methods threaten them. Opening themselves up to students' contributions gives leaders the facilitative control they need to effectively enhance adult learning.

CONSIDERATIONS

This [the process or learning and development] is as true for first graders as graduate students, for fledging artists as graying accountants" (Daloz, as cited in Columbia World, 1996).

As no concrete criteria currently confirms the ideal education, as Becirovic (2004), notes, the ideal education for each individual who chooses to participate in higher education constitutes a myriad of opinions. More than likely, again and again and again, the controversial question: "What is the ideal in education?," will continue to invite controversy, at least for a few more eons.

Figure 1 portrays principles and examples using the Information Processing Approach.

Figure 1: Using the Information Processing Approach (adapted from Information processing, N.d.).

The proper aim of education is to promote...

Daloz (20th century) (Columbia World, 1996).
References

The Columbia World of Quotations. (1996). Columbia University Press. New York. Retrieved January 31, 2009 from www.bartleby.com/66/.

Haig, Brian D. (1996-2004). Grounded theory as scientific method. University of Canterbury. Retrieved January 31, 2009 at http://www.scu.edu.au/schools/gcm/ar/arp/grounded.html

Becirovic, Selma.(2004, March 4). The ideal education for me (Editorial). The Post-Standard (Syracuse, NY). The Herald Co. Retrieved January 31, 2009 from HighBeam Research: http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-113912156.html

Information processing. (N.d.). State of New South Wales through the Department of Education and Training and Charles Sturt University. Retrieved January 31, 2009 at http://hsc.csu.edu.au/pro_dev/teaching_online/how_we_learn/information.html

Mannone, Marty. (2005). Understanding how adults learn. San Fernando Valley Business Journal. CBJ, L.P. 2005. Retrieved January 31, 2009 from HighBeam Research: http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-127622860.html

Masie, Elliott. (2003). Across the moat: higher education e-learning: lowering the drawbridge to connect corporate learners with higher education. Learning and Training Innovations. Retrieved January 31, 2009 from HighBeam Research: http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-113055263.html

Paisley, Karen, Furman, Nathan, Sibthorp, Jim, & Gookin, John. (2008). Student learning in outdoor education: A case study from the National Outdoor Leadership School. The Journal of Experiential Education. Association for Experiential Education Iris Ave Boulder Co. Retrieved January 31, 2009 from HighBeam Research: http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P3-1482648161.html

Vaughan, Norman. (2007). Perspectives on blended learning in higher education. International Journal on E-Learning. Association for the Advancement of Computing in Education (AACE). Retrieved January 31, 2009 from HighBeam Research: http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-159594390.html