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Bckground -- Diabetes mellitus is also known as Type II Diabetes, or non-insulin-dependent diabetes (adult onset diabetes in certain cases). The disorder is due to a number of variables that are present in the modern, developed world -- sugary foods, fast foods, lack of exercise, etc. It is characterized by higher than normal blood glucose levels that play havoc with insulin deficiency and resistance. Insulin resistance means that cells do not respond appropriately when there is free insulin in the blood system. Essentially, they body is reacting to an improper balance of sugars and insulin. Because obesity is often present, research suggests that even thought the mechanisms controling glucose and insulin are unclear, the adopose tissue likely plays a crucial role in the lack of proper uptake of sugards. Two new emergent ideas show that there is an issue of ectopic fat storage (fatty deposits in the muscles, liver, and pancreas) and secretion of various chemicals into the endocrine system because of excessive adipose (Medscape News, 2004).
Unfortunately, science has yet to find a complete cure; but if managed through diet and exercise, the condition may be mitigated. Nevertheless, if untreated, Type II Diabetes may become quite serious and require the medication of symptoms in order to the patient to maintain a productive life (American Diabetes Association, 2009).
The Study -- "The Effects of a Pre-Packaged, Portion Controlled Meal Plan on Type 2 Diabetes and Glycemic Control: A Comparison...
Initially, the condition is managed by increasing the exercise load for the client and changing their diet. However, at times the condition remains rather unresponsive and more aggressive action may be needed (Kumar, 2005, 1194-5).One of the major determinants of type-2 diabetes is a combination of lack of exercise and obesity, one leading to the other. Type-II diabetes is costly to the public and healthcare industiry, and is changing demographics -- moving from an adult disease to adolescents and children based on lifestyle modifiers -- so much so that it is now a pandemic. No one approach to the condition is available, resulting in researchers suggesting a multidimmensional and multi-disciplinary approach: combining counseling, exercise and diet. When used singly, research shows that interventions alone do not seem to be effective. The key, it seems, is finding the appropriate level of culturally-based counseling combined with realistic dietary…
REFERENCES
American Diabetes Association. (2009, March). Statistics. Retrieved from Diabetic.org: http://www.diabetes.org/news-research/research/diabetes-statistics/total-prevelance.html
Boseman, J., & Victor, L. (2004). Aging Americans and Diabetes: A Public Health and Clinical Resopnse. Geriatrics, 59(4), 14-17.
Evans, M. (2010). Evidence-Based Practice Protocol to Improve Glucose Control in Individuals with Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus. Nursing, 317-22.
Foster, G.D. (2010). The Effects of a Pre-Packaged, Portion Controlled Meal Plan on Type 2 Diabetes and Glycemic Control: A Comparison Study. Temple Univeristy.
Retrieved from: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01260337?term=type-2+diabetes+philadelphia%2C+pa&rank=4
Hawthorne, K. (2008). Culturally appropriate health education for type-2 diabetes melitus in 2011. Retrieved from: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD006424.pub2/abstract
Diabetes Mellitus According to the World Diabetes Foundation, diabetes mellitus is considered to be the fastest growing chronic condition in the world (Chorbev et al., 2011). The diabetes epidemic afflicted an estimated 285 million people in 2010, equivalent to 6.4% of the adult population of the world. Since diabetes is largely a preventable condition, public health efforts must be directed at primary care centered on awareness and education regarding, causes, risk
Diabetes Concept Concept Map: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Pathology Aetilogy Pathophysiology Pathogenesis Risk Factors: Weight, Race, Inactivity, Family history, Fat distribution, Age Prevention: Execrise, Eating habits, Regular checkups Diagnosis: Glycated hemoglobin (A1C) test Random or fasting blood sugar test Oral glucose tolerance test Structural Changes: Potential brain structure changes Myocardial degradation Circulation changes Possible amputation Pancreatic changes Signs and Symptoms: Increased thrist, Frequent urination, Increased hunger, Weight loss, Fatigue, Blurred vision, Frequent infections, Sores/slow healing, Darker skin Prognosis: If untreated: Heart disease, Stroke, Kidney disease, Dialysis, Blindness, Amputation Treatment Blood sugar monitoring, Exercise, Healthy eating habits, Possible medications / insulin therapy Functional Chnages: Chnages to kidney function, Changes to pancreas
Frequent symptoms of either hypo or hyperglycemia may occur, but if symptoms are unknown to the woman may be associated with normal pregnancy announces and not followed up on. "The severity of the symptoms and the rate at which they develop may differ, depending on the type of diabetes." (Clark, 2004, p. 3) Increased urine production, glucose in the blood and urine, ketones (undigested protein) in the blood or
Diabetes Management Diabetes mellitus is one of the non-communicable diseases that have continued to be in the forefront of public health challenges. Diabetes occurs when the body system is unable to produce sufficient insulin. Typically, insulin is a hormone secreted from the beta cell within the pancreases that regulates the blood sugar as well as assisting in conversion of glucose into energy. Diabetes occurs when there is high level of glucose
Type 2 diabetes, and its association with obesity, changes this relationship somewhat. Individuals with Type 2 diabetes typically have poor eating and exercise habits that contribute to the development of their disease, and these same risk factors also contribute to the risk for and progression of cardiovascular diseases and stroke (Mayo Clinic 2010; WebMD 2010). Though not necessarily directly related to diabetes their diabetes, these individuals have a much greater
Head injury, brain surgery, and brain tumor are potential causes of Central Diabetes Insipidus. Nephrogenic Diabetes Inspidus is far les common than Central Diabetes Inspipidus and is caused by kidney defects. Kidney disease, an X chromosomal abnormality, and certain pharmaceuticals such as lithium can cause Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus. Stopping the intake of culprit medications can often reverse Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus. Symptoms of the different types of diabetes differ. Fatigue, excessive