¶ … Biggest Decision" (Hiroshima)
"The Biggest Decision: Why We Had to Drop the Atomic Bomb" presents a number of nuanced reasons as to why President Truman ultimately gave the order for the atomic bombs dropped onto the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki on August 6 and 9, 1945. Robert James Maddox offers a number of persuasive reasons as to how Truman's decision was justified, mostly dealing with an examination of the Japanese side of the evidence. Japanese military policy seems to have necessitated the American military policy, in this case, as various facts on the public record will indicate.
Maddox notes first of all that the Japanese were in a position to continue hostilities for a relatively long time: he notes that in 1945 "the Japanese had more than 2,000,000 troops in the home islands, were training millions of irregulars, and for some time had been conserving aircraft that might have been used to protect Japanese cities against American bombers." In other words, they were preparing for an American invasion which they intended to repel with as much force as could be mustered. On June 8, 1945, a the Japanese government's conference adopted a document entitled "The Fundamental Policy to Be Followed Henceforth in the Conduct of the War" its...
Truman's figures here have been criticized as self-serving, and critics have pointed to a report from the Joint War Plans Committee which estimated a figure around 40,000 potential American deaths (but a total of almost 200,000 "casualties" in the military definition when the wounded and M.I.A. were accounted for). Yet these seems like a mere quibble because, as Maddox notes, "when the bombs were dropped, fighting was still going on in the Philippines, China, and elsewhere." With America war-weary, even the lower estimate may have been too much for Truman to ask the public to bear, especially if he planned to seek re-election.
There was an additional strategic issue to be considered, which would prove to be…
