Crisis Management
ICS in New Orleans and Toronto
In both the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina and the outbreak of SARS in Toronto, the Incident Command System (ICS) had to implemented, yet both instances presented challenges to its implementation. In the former, the convergence of disparate agencies fueled an already chaotic situation, as few of the agencies were ICS prepared. In the latter, the outbreak was fueled by intensive, fear-causing media coverage, which ICS had to counter with education, patience, and endurance. In each case, the need for central command was essential but so was the ability of all agencies and workers to be "on the same page." This paper will compare and contrast both of these incidents and show how ICS was affected and had an impact.
Pre-Katrina, ICS in New Orleans was only being used for fire-related incidents. The emergency operations center (EOC) was not trained in ICS, thus EOC ended up being a liability rather than an asset. The challenges that the hurricane brought to the ICS concept was mainly that few were prepared to put the concept into practice. ICS training, therefore, had to be given on the spot. However, little on-site coordination among various departments added...
For ICS to work properly, it must be understood, embraced, and utilized by all agencies concerned. At Katrina, this was not the case -- few agencies were ready and prepared, other than the U.S. Coast Guard, which had a "spirit of mission" -- essentially meaning that the Coast Guard understood its role, had the capacity to carry it out, and displayed unity of purpose and preparedness (Samaan, Verneuil, 2009). ICS was part of its organizational culture. It should have been part of every agency's organizational culture, so that each was on the same page throughout the incident (Banerjee, n.d.), but because of a lack of planning and organization, ICS implementation sputtered from the outset.
In Toronto, the situation was different in that the chaos was caused not so much by the lack of ICS but by the over-attention given by the media to a relatively small outbreak of SARS. ICS had to contend with frenzy that was somewhat fabricated by the media, whereas in New Orleans the frenzy was real and partly caused by the unpreparedness of several agencies to handle ICS.
In Toronto, mass media portrayed the outbreak of SARS in near-apocalyptic…
