Sign Up Now
Get instant access to over 1 million+ study documents
OR
Already registered? click here to login
By creating your account, you agree to our terms of service, privacy policy and student honor code.
43). However, the free speech clause of the First Amendment has been cited for reasons to allow religious expression on school campuses: and in some instances proves more effective than the free exercise clause (p. 44). Private institutions have significantly greater leeway in the freedom of religious expression, and state governments also offer significant protections of religious expression.
The free exercise and establishment clauses are more naturally reconciled in private institutions. Private institutions "have no obligation of neutrality," and can establish religion as they see fit and in most cases regulate religious expression (p. 44). The establishment clause prevents the courts from interfering in private institutions that are religiously affiliated: "these clauses affirmatively protect the religious beliefs and practices of private religious institutions from government interference," (p. 44). State-sponsored institutions are, on the other hand, unable to establish religion, but at the same time are obliged to protect the right of religious expression.
Yet private institutions may be subject to some government scrutiny when the free exercise clause clashes with other constitutional rights such as equal protection. For...
United States the Supreme Court rules that free exercise cannot be used as justification for racial discrimination (p. 44-45). The state may also sponsor aid programs that are religiously neutral, but which grant financial support to students affiliated with religious institutions. In cases like those, the government maintains a neutral stance regarding religion (p. 48).
Institutions are somewhat protected against government interference. The Religious Freedom Restoration Act (RFRA) permits greater government scrutiny of religious institutions, and was partly inspired by the Bob Jones University v. United States case. Similarly, the RFRA permits public institutions to pass regulations that restrict religious expression (p. 45). For instance, a public school can prevent individual teachers from practicing religion in the classroom.
Neutrality is the goal of the free exercise and the establishment clauses of the First Amendment. The clauses are invoked when government neutrality is called into question. Neutrality can mean non-interference with a private institution, or it can mean government oversight in a public institution. Both clauses protect the right of religious expression while…
liberal and conservative are generalized blanket words used to describe political leanings. Generally, the term conservative refers to the desire to preserve existing social norms and values; whereas liberals are defined by openness to change and diversity. In politics, though, the division between liberal and conservative can assume more specific meanings. Identification with specific political stances on certain issues can be determined by one's status as being liberal or
International Regulation of Tourism in Antarctica Since the mid-1980s, Antarctica has been an increasingly popular tourist destination, despite the relative danger of visiting the largest, least explored -- and arguably least understood -- continent on earth. Beginning with the 1959 treaty establishing Antarctica as an international zone free of claims of sovereignty by nation's that had been instrumental in establishing research stations there, there has been almost constant negotiation about how
Mournful as it is melodic, I found myself musing about lost relationships and people that have vanished from my life. My mind strayed to personal matters several times during the show, which lasted several hours including an opening act. Another set of feelings that persisted throughout the concert related to Coldplay's big-budget stage production. Our tickets had cost a lot of cash, and every person in the building felt that
South Africa -- Past and Present Rather than a mere struggle between black and white Marina Ottaway suggests that the conflicts in South Africa that hampered the nation's transition from apartheid to a fuller participatory government lay in the factionalism present in all of the representative bodies involved in the negotiations. (Ottaway, 1993) Although Ottaway's text ends before the configuration of the final ruling government body that governs South Africa, many
Rap Music - a Soundtrack of Revolution Soundtrack of Revolution for the Generations of Rap Artists Since 1980s Hip hop is a culture that encompasses a vast corporation of artistic forms, which originated from marginalized subcultures within the South Bronx in New York City during the 1970s. This culture encloses four distinct elements, representing diverse manifestations of its founding reasons: the rap music (oral), disc jockey (turntablism), graffiti art (visual), and break-dancing