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They could see that nursing staffs were spread more thinly in some hospitals than others. They knew that nurses believe they provide valuable, sometimes life-saving services.
The authors connected their issue directly to nursing practice and the quality of patient care. They found that when nurses were responsible for more than six patients, mortality rose 7% and nurse burnout rose 25%. Based on their research, they predicted that 20,000 more patients would die if nursing ratios in hospitals rose from 4:1 to 8:1.
The authors predict that nursing will have to be seen as the vitally important role it truly is before hospitals will realize that cutting nursing staff cannot save money without putting patients at risk. They noted some changes going on in the nursing profession right now including significant numbers of nurses approaching retirement age and technological advances,...
In particular they noted that when nurses are told the hospital cannot "afford" raises for nursing staff, it makes the nurses feel under-appreciated and probably contributes to job dissatisfaction.
Suggesting solutions for this complex problem was not really part of the authors' intent. Nonetheless, they point out that other good research supports their findings. In light of the fact that a body of research exists supporting low nurse-to-patient ratios, they view decisions to cut nursing staff to save money as a callous and inappropriate way to achieve that goal. They note that overworking nurses rather than hiring more staff will be counter-productive in the long run, since
Daryl Bem Daryl J. Bem, Ph.D. is a social psychologist who formulated the self -- perception theory as it relates to attitude change in attitude development. He has exhibited many research interests in his career but is also notable for theories regarding the development of attitudes, sexual orientation, and research attempting to demonstrate the legitimacy of such parapsychological phenomena as ESP. This paper discusses his early life, educational background, his major
For the temperature portion of the investigation (conducted first), eight test tubes were placed in four temperature controlled water baths ranging from water and crushed ice (2( C) to near boiling (98(). The other baths were kept at room temperature (23( C) and an intermediary between this and boiling (75( C). Test tubes were left in the baths for ten minutes, until their temperatures at equalized. Starting with the
Perry M. Smith Ph.D. discusses several relevant issues of leadership in his work of non-fiction entitled Rules & Tools for Leaders. The vast majority of the concepts the author elucidates pertain to change efforts. In terms of leadership theory, there is a general motif associated with Perry's ideas that is in accordance with transformational leadership in which leaders attempt to effect change in a positive way. The book spans
Iso-Electric Point and Iron Content in Iron Hydroxide Impregnated Aluminosilicate-Based Geopolymers Rahil Abou Saleh Dr. Kiril Hristovski Iron hydroxide impregnated aluminosilicate-based geopolymers (Fe-ASG) is a novel water treatment media currently under development for simultaneous removal of arsenic and inorganic contaminants. The goal of this study was to determine whether varied iron contents impregnated aluminosilicate impacts the surface charge in different pH conditions. The study tests for media types of virgin and iron
Enzymes are highly selective and substrate-specific catalysts that work by lowering activation energy for reactions thus increasing the rate of metabolic reactions. In enzymatic reactions, substrates are molecules binding onto enzymes' active sites to form enzyme-substrate complexes (Cornish-Bowden, 2004). Lactose is a disaccharide sugar commonly found in milk and lactase is the enzyme responsible for catalyzing lactose into its subsequent monosaccharide products; glucose and galactose. In line with this, lactose
microorganism, Bradyrhizobium japonicum, displays a symbiotic relationship with soybean plants. There are different factors that may affect the relationship of this microorganism with plant biomass. These factors may be pH, temperature, the nutrition status and density of soil. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of different soil treatments, in different soil types, on nodule formation and the dry weight of the plant. For this purpose,