Comparison of Einstein and Churchill

¶ … Albert Einstein and Winston Churchill.

Defining politics and science today has a different meaning than it did throughout history until the 20th century. This comparison can also be defined as "science of government of states" in other cases it is referred as "the science and practice of government of human societies." In today's world governments do not just work on the predefined agendas that politics used to work on, now a relation to humanity, social and scientific approach and justification is required in every decision that a government made. Hence the formula for politics now is a pluralistic approach to agendas, hence the definition of government in any society is not just the simple approach of organized power any more, it now a very strong mixture of science, religion, economy and welfare as well. For instance discoveries of every kind are being made in every corner of the world, but unlike our past these inventions and discoveries are now used with a keen eye on its reciprocal effects in mind.

There was a time when the atom bomb was dropped on the two Japanese cities killing millions of people just because of a global war, now governments realize their responsibility not only to their own people but the global community as well. These advancements did not occur on their own, governments realized with experience that it is up to them to monitor and channelize how technology and science is used for the right purposes. Today's politics and governments have to keep all the aspects mentioned above in mind before they make even a single decision. Politics and science itself is striving to find the most accurate methods for humanity and through history and experiments, making the society in which we are living in, more democratic and scientifically enlightened.

In this paper we will chose two personalities one from the field of science and one from politics and stark a comparison between them, which will include their personal life, cultural values and a lot of other similarities that we can find to analyze how politics and science can have very common-based similarities, also how both these systems came to a common point of ruling in their own respective times unlike the present day techniques we discussed earlier. The two personalities we have selected for our discussion are, Albert Einstein and Winston Churchill, they both have significant contributions in there respective fields, but we will discuss deeper and further into their personalities and lives rather than just stopping at their professional lives.

Winston Churchill:

The right wing honorable Sir Winston Churchill (1874-1965), was the song of Randolph Churchill and his mother being American. Sir Churchill joined the army in the very late 1800's, after an eventful stunt at the army he joined the parliament and became a conservative member in the 1900. He held many positions in the government both in the liberal and the conservative sector, during the first three decades of the 20th century. When the Second World War was threatening to take England as part of its destructions as well, Sir Churchill was appointed the first lord of admiralty, a post which he had already held in the past from 1911 to 1915. In May 1040 while England was amidst the world war he became the prime minister and the head of the Defence and held the office until 1945.

After resigning as the prime minister, Sir Winston Churchill again took over the premiership in the conservative victory of 1951 and later in 1955 he resigned from this position as well. It was assumed that after this resignation he will leave politics for good, but that was not the case; he remained in politics until the general elections of 1964, where he did not attempt to participate. Considering his contribution in the political and strategic decisions of England, Queen Elizabeth II, bestowed on Sir Churchill the honor of knighthood and invested him the insignia of the order of the garter in 1953. These are one of the many honors he has received, among them there is also the special hounor of the citizenship of the United States which President Kennedy conferred on him in 1963.

Publications:

Winston Churchill contributed heavily in political literature as well. His earlier contributions are mostly campaign reports: The Story of the Malakand Field Force (1898) and The River War (1899), these two reports are the full description and the events in Sudan and the Battle of Omdurman. 1900 his first and only novel savrola was published which gained heavy popularity and six years after publishing his novel he published the biography of his father, Lord Randolph Churchill, which to date is considered his most major work.

His other popular biographies include the life of his great ancestral uncle Duke of Marlborough and this was published in 4 volumes in between 1933 and 1938. Churchill's take on the First World War was also published in four volumes in between (1948-1954), it was called The World Crisis. After Sir Churchill's retirement from the political office permanently Churchill wrote a History of the English-speaking Peoples (4 vols. 1956-58). His magnificent oratory survives in a dozen volumes of speeches, among them The Unrelenting Struggle (1942), The Dawn of Liberation (1945), and Victory (1946).

Churchill's first interest in the opposition was highlighted when he visited the United States in March 1946, where he made his famous Iron Curtain Speech in Fulton, Missouri. hence after returning to England he became the head of the opposition. Fulton, Missouri. He suffered from various heart attacks and stroke in the August of 1946, but the information regarding his health was kept from public and he continued to lead the conservative party. Winston Churchill died on 24th January, 1965.

Albert Einstein:

Albert Einstein was from Ulm, Germany born on 14 March 1879. Even as a young boy Einstein showed a special interest and understanding for the mysteries of science, this interest of his started only at the age of 10/11. A typical child (only to his socio-economic class -- educated middle class), Einstein took music lessons, playing both the violin and piano -- a passion that followed him into adulthood. He moved twice before completing his high school, first to Italy then to Switzerland, the young achiever graduated from high school in 1896.

In 1905 he was in Switzerland and was working as a patent clerk in Bern. During his stay as patent, in his spare time Einstein, produced remarkable work in 1908 and was appointed as the Privatdozent in Berne. It was this year that many also call the "Annus Mirabilis" -- or "miracle year," it was during this fortunate year that Albert Einstein gained his doctoral degree and published 4 of his most acclaimed works to date, including research papers on the "Special Theory of Relativity," which is not known as the famous "e=mc2" theory this theory has helped scientist unlock the mysteries of the universe. In 1909 he became Professor Extraordinary at Zurich, in 1911 Professor of Theoretical Physics at Prague, returning to Zurich in the following year to fill a similar post.

In 1914 he was appointed Director of the Kaiser Wilhelm Physical Institute and Professor in the University of Berlin. He became a German citizen in 1914 considering he was Jewish, and remained in Berlin until 1933 later after that he renounced his citizenship due to the impeding danger of war on the Germany and immigrated to America, took the position of Professor of Theoretical Physics at the Princeton University. He became a United States citizen in 1940 and retired from his post in 1945.

After the Second World War, Einstein was leading figure in the world political movement, it went to such an extent that he was offered the presidency of the State of Israel, which he rejected. He went on to collaborate with Dr. Chaim Weizmann and with him he established the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. The main attribute of Einstein's personality was that he always had a clear perspective in the light of any problem regarding physics and had the utmost determination to solve it. He had his own strategy to achieve his goals and was able to visualize the main stages on the way to his goal. He regarded his major achievements as mere stepping-stones for the next advance, (John. 1981).

Einstein's basis for all the research work he did was the inadequacies he saw in the Newtonian mechanics and the idea of his special theory of relativity also came up join together with the laws of mechanics with the laws of electronic fields, hence combining his laws with that of Newton. He dealt superbly with the basic problems of statistical mechanics and the problems that came with it in reference to the quantum theory: this led to an explanation of the Brownian movement of molecules. He experimented with the thermal properties of light under a low density radiation and hence laid the foundation of the proton theory of light. During his early days in Berlin, he spent most of his time postulating that if the theory of relativity is correct then I must also furnish the theory of gravitation and in 1916 he published his paper on the general theory of relativity during this time he also contributed to the problems of the theory of radiation and statistical mechanics. In the 1920's, Einstein also took upon the construction of the unified field of theories, although he continued to work on the probabilistic interpretation of quantum theory, and he persevered with this work in America. He contributed to statistical mechanics by his development of the quantum theory of a monatomic gas and he has also accomplished valuable work in connection with atomic transition probabilities and relativistic cosmology (Paul. 1996).

Albert Einstein was a receiver of many honorary doctorate degrees in science, medicine and philosophy, from many recognized universities of Europe and America. The 1920's and 30's he gave many lectures in Europe, America and the Far East and was awarded fellowship and membership is almost all the universities he visited. He received awards for his contribution in the field of science and physics including Copley Medal of the Royal Society of London in 1925, and the Franklin Medal of the Franklin Institute in 1935. Einstein's gifts inevitably resulted in his dwelling much in intellectual solitude and, for relaxation; music played an important part in his life. He married Mileva Maric in 1903 and together they one daughter and two sons; however their marriage dissolved in 1919 and in the same year he ended up marrying his cousin Elsa Lowenthal who died in 1936. He died on April 18, 1955 at Princeton, New Jersey in 1905.

Publications:

Einstein's researches are, of course, well chronicled and his more important works include Special Theory of Relativity (1905), Relativity (English translations, 1920 and 1950), General Theory of Relativity (1916), Investigations on Theory of Brownian Movement (1926), and The Evolution of Physics (1938). Among his non-scientific works, About Zionism (1930),

Why War? (1933), My Philosophy (1934), and Out of My Later Years (1950) are perhaps the most important.

Contribution:

Both Albert Einstein and Winston Churchill have contributed in the society in relation to their own area of expertise. Below we will analyze their respective and significant contribution in the field of science and politics.

Sir Winston Churchill:

Winston Churchill led England with a "bull dog" spirit which also represented the mood of all of Britain during the Second World War. His attitude towards tackling the situation was same during the bad times for instance, Dunkirk or even the good times where inspirational victories were seen such as the Battle of Britain. Before officially entering into politics, he was a war correspondent in the Boer war. There Churchill was held as a prisoner, shortly after his capture he escaped and took part in the relief of Ladysmith.

After his entrance into politics and the way he climbed up his way into the main Second World War domain is nothing less than a maverick. Between 1908 and 1910, Winston Churchill was appointed him the president of the board of trade. His major accomplishment in this sector was to establish labor exchanges which were the need of the hour for Britain at that time. Later when he was promoted to the position of home secretary, he used his position and troops to maintain law and order during the miners' strike in South Wales. He also used a detachment of Scots Guards to assist police during a house siege in Sidney Street in East London in January 1911. Throughout his career many have criticized him for his use of military in simple police operation, but to his defense "I would do anything to maintain law and order." In 1911 when he was made the first Lord of Admiralty, he showed great interest in modernization. He was an early supporter of using planes and other forwards weapons for combat (David. (1991).

However he did not retain his post as the Lord of admiralty much longer, when in 1915 Britain experienced the failure of Dardanelles campaign. It was Churchill's idea for the expedition to the War Council and as a result he was held responsible for backfiring. Hence he was dismissed and was made the Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster. This proved to be a demotivation for him, considering in the recent past he had acquired such high posts, hence he joined the army. During a good part of the 1920's and early 30's Winston Churchill remained outside the government and spoke openly about its lack of policy towards India, all this while Hitler was gaining aggressive ground in Europe.

Second World War:

The lack Neville Chamberlain, the leader of the government to take any action against hitlers aggression both disgusted him and outraged him. Amidst all the drama, Winston Churchill was back in the government and was made the head of admiralty. On May 10th 1940 Winston Churchill was made the prime minister of Britain, the role he played during the second world war as a prime minister, to date has been remarkable and significant. No leader has been able to take his country out of crisis the way Winston Churchill was able to. For many people in Britain, Churchill's stand against Nazism summarizes the reason for the war (CnR. 1984). His speeches engulfed people with his own motivation and have now become legend, "Hitler knows that he will have to break us in this island or lose the war. If we can stand up to him, all Europe may be free and the life of the world may move forward into broad, sunlit uplands. But if we fail, the whole world, including the Unites States, including all that we have known and cared for, will sink into the abyss of a new Dark Age, made more sinister, and perhaps more protracted, by the lights of perverted science. Let us therefore brace ourselves to our duties, and so bear ourselves that, if the British Empire and its Commonwealth last for a thousand years, men will say, "This was their finest hour." (Churchill in his speech on June 18, 1940) whether it was 'fighting on the beaches' or his salute to the men from Fighter Command who took on the Luftwaffe in the Battle of Britain: "Never in the field of human conflict, was so much owed to so few." Churchill not only supported his nation in the time of war but also provided the political support for "commando units" who were sent to disrupt the German military movement (TCEC. 1990).

During the war, Churchill was active in organizing meetings with other wartime leaders He met FD Roosevelt, the American president, on nine occasions between 1941 and 1945; he had five meetings with the Russian leader Stalin between 1942 and 1945. Despite his popularity as a war time leader Winston Churchill lost the general election to Clement Atlee. His wife to support him said that might be a "blessing in disguise" to which Churchill replied "very well disguised." Few people can match Winston Churchill's international status as a leader. Having won a Nobel Prize for Literature in 1953, he became an honorary American citizen in 1963 -- an honor confirmed by Congress (Hugh. 1996).

Albert Einstein's contribution in science:

Albert einstiens major contribution lie in field of physics where he answered a lot of questions for scientists and left many questions that they are now working on. His two major contribution in the field of physics and quantum matters are the two theories he proposed one "the special and general theory of relativity" and two "photons and quantum theory" (Hugh. 1996).

The Special and General Theories of Relativity: When Einstein first started working on the theory of relativity, his work only dealt with the systems in uniform and unaccelrated motion in relation ot one another, which is now referred to as the theory of relativity, among various results, this theory produced results if two subjects are moving with great speed in respect to each other will disagree about measurements of length and time intervals made in each other's systems. The theory also proposed that the speed of light depends on the mass of a body, hence mass and proving that mass and energy are equivalent. Later in 1911 he proposed the equivalence of gravity and inertia, thus in 1916 he completed his general formula of the relativity theory, which proposed that gravity is the determiner of the curvature of a space-time continuum. . He then began work on his unified field theory, which attempts to explain gravitation, electromagnetism, and subatomic phenomena in one set of laws; the successful development of such a unified theory, however, eluded Einstein.