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¶ … Operational Definitions in order carry research, researchers define variables terms actual procedures measure manipulate . Operational definitions provide details procedures needed measure a variable written precisely, increase
Variables and operational definitions
The independent variables for the topic social media and technology are availability of technology, social media access, and availability of internet. Technology availability is vital for someone to access and use social media. Without technology, the subjects would have to rely on traditional methods for communication, and the results would differ from those who have technology access. The popularity of social media sites available is independent since it determines the level of access and usage. Internet availability is critical because without internet connectivity it would not be possible to connect on social media with others. The dependent variables are sense of community, and enjoyment. Subjects who have access to social media and technology are bale to connect with their peers and community easily. The subjects will also gain enjoyment, as they will be fulfilled when they can connect and interact with others using technology and social media. Enjoyment is measured on the ordinal scale as one either gets enjoyment, or they do not. Technology availability,...
Popularity of social media sites will be tested individually by making only one site available at a time. Technology and internet availability are operationally defined as either available or not. The researcher could also reduce the internet speed to measure adaptiveness of subjects. The rationale behind the definitions is that the study aims at establishing the link between social media and technology. The operational definitions given have the capability to affect the reliability of the study since the independent variable can be manipulated in different ways to achieve different or same results (Rucker, Preacher, Tormala, & Petty, 2011). Validity is established because the results of the study can be adapted to other settings, which would provide external validity. Internal validity would be achieved by measuring the dependent variables based on the independent variables. This would provide an precise measurement of the cause and effect.
Non-experimental and experimental methods
Experimental techniques allow for the direct manipulation of independent variables in order to test their effect on the dependent variable (Cozby & Bates, 2011).…
References
Cozby, P., & Bates, S. (2011). Methods in Behavioral Research. 2445 McCabe Way: McGraw-Hill Education.
McKenzie, D., Stillman, S., & Gibson, J. (2010). How important is selection? experimental vs. non-experimental measures of the income gains from migration. Journal of the European Economic Association, 8(4), 913-945.
Rucker, D.D., Preacher, K.J., Tormala, Z.L., & Petty, R.E. (2011). Mediation analysis in social psychology: Current practices and new recommendations. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 5(6), 359-371.
Research Ethics The little Albert experiment The little Albert experiment is a famous psychology experiment that was conducted by a behaviorist John. B. Watson. The participant in the experiment was a nine-month-old boy and he was exposed to various stimuli that included a white rat, monkey, masks and burning news papers and the reactions of the boy were observed. Initially no fear was expressed by the boy at any objects shown to
Spotlighting Samplings 4 Qualitative Research Research Choices 6 the Phenomenology Method The Ethnography Method DEPTH Four Qualitative Approach Comparison Strengths and Critiques of Case Studies "A research design indicates the full research process from conceptualization of the research problem, generation of data, analysis and interpretation of findings, and dissemination of results" (Magilvy & Thomas, 2009, What and Why… Section, ¶ 4). The Question of Interest What type of research design should the researcher use? To answer the study's critical research
It is helpful for both the author and the readers. The literature review must identify works that have been published on the topic in case by accredited scholars and researchers (Taylor, 2010). Usually, the literature review is an introduction to the research project. The purpose of the literature review consists in introducing the readers into the knowledge and ideas referring to the selected topic for the research project in case,
Nursing Research in Future Hallberg, I.R. (2006). Challenges for future nursing research: Providing evidence for health-care practice. International Journal of Nursing Studies. 43: 923-927 Nursing research has become a question of practicality. Is it prudent for funding to go into Nursing research when there is so much funding getting cut from everything and anything that is involved in health care. This article goes into the usage of nursing research and examines
Also, there has been pressure in the different professions for every research design to follow these general procedures (Chadwick, Bahr, & Albrecht, 1984, pp. 19-20). The researcher needs protection as well as the subject does. An important protection of confidentiality is testimonial privilege. This protection is not absolute and must yield to other concerns in some cases such as state's requirement that certain diseases (infectious diseases) or injuries (child abuse
Running Head: QUALITATIVE DOCTORAL BUSINESS RESEARCH ANALYSIS 1 QUALITATIVE DOCTORAL BUSINESS RESEARCH ANALYSIS 5 Analysis Role of Theory in Context of Qualitative Doctoral Business Research Introduction Models and theories produce the basis upon which empirical inquiries are built. Empirical research is not only concerned with data variations (with respect to what is going on in the globe) but also with testing whether such data is in conformity with the theory or model (Creswell