¶ … American and Afghan justice systems. Justice Systems

A criminal justice framework denotes the collection of processes and organizations instituted by the governments of countries for controlling crime as well as levying punishment on lawbreakers. America doesn't have any single system of criminal justice; rather, it possesses several similar, independent systems. The working of individual area's criminal justice structure is dependent on what jurisdiction governs the place: military rule, or federal, state, county, tribal, or city government (The Criminal Justice System, n.d). Laws vary with jurisdiction, as do law enforcement agencies and techniques of handling process of criminal justice. The key systems are as follows:

Federal: This system deals with crime perpetrated in two or more states, or on any federal property.

State: These systems deal with crime perpetrated within the boundaries of individual states.

Afghanistan

As regards judicial systems or judicial review, most Afghan nations continue to have very less, or virtually no, judicial institution accessibility. The country's judicial bodies have become nearly non-existent; this absence of justice is responsible for Afghanistan's destabilization. A large number of the country's courts are out of operation, whereas those that are still...

Therefore, when considering the country's policing systems, it is evident that the Afghan public doesn't have faith in its formal justice bodies, amidst an environment of freedom (Grono, 2011). Increasingly large numbers of citizens of Afghanistan are forced to endure Taliban's rough justice, as well as that of other criminals, in localities where the government still doesn't have power.
In the context of international cooperation, it can be said that there appears to be, at present, a sound understanding of the necessity to re-erect Afghanistan's justice sector, together with the readiness to devote considerable resources, on the part of the country's international partners. However, several formidable challenges still exist, with this regard. Setting up law and order in all corners of the country involves difficult vested interests at uppermost governmental levels in Afghanistan. This is an equally technical and political exercise (Grono, 2011). Any endeavor in this area must be aimed at ensuring that equal treatment is meted out to all citizens, in the eyes of the law. Also, though this aspiration exists in both Afghanistan and several other states, there is no reason to delay a campaign to challenge the Afghan culture of elevated impunity, since a failure at doing so undermines every other endeavor towards rule of…