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Both beliefs of the terrorists and counter-terrorists are validated by the critical theory. It can be said, then, that even in the 21st century, specific principles of the critical theory still holds true and are still reflected in the current political events and movements in the world.
Even the school of thought that sprung after the modernist period, postmodernism, is considered valid when discussing the study and issue of counter-terrorism. Postmodernism does not look at the world as black and white or a dichotomy of oppressor and the oppressed. Instead, it posits that there exists different versions of the truth, and this ideology actually shies away from identifying a 'universal truth' that will determine all realities of the world. Postmodernism embraces the principle of pluralism because of its acceptance of different truths based on different groups of people and their lived experiences. Thus, in studying counter-terrorism using the postmodernist perspective, it could be that counter-terrorist planners would consider the ideology of another group that poses a potential threat to them. This understanding and acceptance that the other group's version of the truth or what they believe as right could then be used to elevate the strategy to actually consider that more than just perpetrators, the 'so-called terrorists'...
Counter-terrorism planning can then be developed to achieve a neutral stance or limit the counter-attack against specific individuals and groups only.
Under the postmodernist ideology, feminism is also a critical school of thought that is considered valid in studying counter-terrorism. Inevitably, women are caught in the middle of terrorist-counter-terrorist attacks and threats. With this in mind, the feminist school of thought posits that women must be recognized as just as important as men and that they are human beings that should not be considered "collateral damage" only in the event of a terrorist and/or counter-terrorist attack. Feminist theory also argues that women are capable of handling matters and responsibilities commonly given only to males. As such, from the terrorist perspective, there are also women taking up arms to protect their homeland or families, and also become a threat to a specific group or geographic area. Similarly, from the counter-terrorist perspective, planning and strategizing on how to implement a plan curbing a threat or attack with the least damage possible takes into account the importance of women's protection and security in the event that there is an impending counter-attack.
Each level of the counter-terrorism strategy present in the United States has its own flaws and its own weaknesses. Law enforcement cannot be left behind in the pursuit for more professional counter-terrorist elite units. The New York Police Department sets the bar for what municipal police can put together in terms of counter-terrorism, NYPD Shield, as its known, has conducted several successful operations since its inception in the aftermath of
Diffusion of innovation theory refers to the spread of ideas, materials, or strategies and can be applied both to counterterrorism policies or terrorist tactics themselves. By paying attention to the patterns of diffusion, governments can make more informed counterterrorism decisions or policies. At the same time, diffusion of innovation can show how terrorist tactics spread from one group to another or how extremism spreads throughout a region. Applied to Boko Haram,
Terrorist Groups The intentions behind religious fundamentalist terrorist activities are varied. It is noteworthy that terrorists are psychologically normal and are neither depressed, severely emotionally disturbed, nor crazed fanatics. In fact to ensure that their members are not clinically psychotic, emotionally unstable individuals are regularly screened out because they can be a security risk. Religious fundamentalist terrorist groups are driven by a sense of giving power to the powerless. Some always want
Powers and Rights of the Constitution INSTITUTIONAL POWER: The Constitution gives the federal government the right to form a military service, including what is now the National Guard (Army National Guard, 2011), though it does so in cooperation with the states and localities to serve their interests as well. This section is important for a number of reasons, including the fact that it reinforces the differences between the state and
This category can further be divided into six subgroups namely; short-range, medium range, long-range, close range, endurance, Medium Altitude Long Endurance (MALE) Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs). The long-range UAVs are technologically more advanced as they use satellites in order to overcome the communication problem between the UAVs and the ground stations. This communication problem is generally caused by the curvature of the earth. The medium, short and close range
.....ending terrorism in Africa, the methods employed should be oriented towards measuring outputs. The outputs that are expected with this particular study are the ending of terrorism in Africa. The inputs are the various strategies and programs that are implemented in order to bring about this outcome. The outcome has to be measured in a quantitative manner in order that a statistical analysis can be performed. Thus, the type of