Criminal Investigations
History of criminal investigations
The first "detective force" dates back to 1750, when a small group of community members called the "Take Thieves" banded together and rushed to crime scenes to investigate (Swanson, 2003). This group, spearheaded by Henry Fielding, eventually led to the founding of a police force in London (Swanson, 2003). The next famous "father of criminal investigation" is Robert Peel, who authored the twelve "Peel's Principles," outlining proper ethics for policemen and bureaus, from how to conduct oneself to where to build a police station (Swanson, 2003). Many of his ideas are still in use today. Despite Peel's efforts, corruption was rampant in the first metropolitan police departments, and failures to communicate between jurisdictions allowed suspects to escape (Swanson, 2003). Ultimately, these problems led to detective work being outsourced to private organizations such as Pinkerton's (Swanson, 2003). Pinkerton's detective agency was famous for protecting President Lincoln and creating thorough criminal records (Swanson, 2003).
On a federal scale, the first Secret Service agency was founded in 1865 to fight counterfeiting, but after President McKinley's assassination this group became responsible for "presidential protection" as well (Swanson, 2003). The Bureau of Investigation was established in 1908, and became the FBI under President Hoover in 1924 (Swanson, 2003).
Methods of criminal identification first evolved from anthropometry, or the measurement of body parts; this system was used until the development of dactylography, or fingerprint identification (Swanson, 2003). Dactylography was easier and more accurate, and was widely adopted in the early 1900s (Swanson, 2003). From there, the most...
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Criminal investigation plays a crucial role in law enforcement in relation to the arrest, prosecution, and conviction of criminals. This paper examines the evolution of criminal investigation research in light of the developments that have taken place in this field. A history of the criminal investigation is also discussed as well as a definition of the criminal investigation process. The author also examines how DNA, fingerprinting, and forensic science have
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