The New Testament both influenced Western political philosophy and it influenced the geo-political landscape of the Western World. Greek political philosophy, which is related to New Testament political philosophy, has dominated the way that Americans perceive their governmental systems. The ways the Western justice systems work were in part based on New Testament thought in the same way that Christian morality influences public opinion of leaders and citizens. Christianity

Introduction Joan of Arc was just a young girl when she took command of the French army against the English in the Hundred Years War. In the 15th century it was unheard of for a woman, much less a teenage girl, to lead men—let alone lead them into battle. Joan donned the attire of the soldiers and led them courageously not because she wanted to be a man or because she

This he accomplished in part by donating lands and money for the foundations of abbeys such as Echternach. In the following decade Charles led the Frankish army against the eastern duchies. He dealt with the ongoing conflict with the Frisians and Saxons to his northeast with some success, but full conquest of the Saxons and their incorporation into the Frankish empire would wait for his grandson Charlemagne. Most importantly, instead of concentrating

decline of the Roman Empire came as a result of various social, economic, and military causes. One of the main factors influencing the eventual "fall" of the Empire was the invasion of Europe by the Mongolian Huns. These warriors forced the otherwise fierce Germanic tribes to seek solace within the borders of Rome. Because Rome had already begun to accept mutually advantageous relationships with Germanic border tribes, the sudden

C.E.), a large underground chamber with massive capitals supporting a slanting and beamed ceiling. In tombs like this and in many others, the walls were usually covered with paintings in the form of murals, mostly drawn from Greek legends. Most of the time, these murals provide scenes of banquets, feasts and revelry, such as in the Tomb of the Leopards in Tarquinia, Italy. This tomb is decorated with a banquet

Rise of Vernacular Languages It has been said that the development of the vernacular languages of Europe began in Tours in the year 813 with "the appearance of the first texts prepared in a Romance script." (Wright, 1991, p.165) Prior to this time, all official documentation was done in Latin, the language of the old Roman Empire. In fact, as parts of the Roman Empire were overrun by barbarians, marking the