I. Introduction
A. Topic selection and the reason for selecting

The World Health Organization (WHO) reports an increasing prevalence of diabetes worldwide (WHO, 2016). WHO links diabetes to other chronic condition such as kidney failure, stroke, heart attacks, retinopathy and neuropathy, conditions that lead to declined life expectancy. A new report published by the Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) indicates an increasing prevalence of diabetes in the US and diabetes as seventh leading cause of mortality, implying an increasing health burden (CDC, 2017).

B. Thoroughly define the disease/condition

NIH (2019) defines diabetes is a non-communicable chronic disease that manifests either when the body is ineffectively using produced, or the insulin produced by the pancreas is insufficient. Insulin is the blood sugar-regulating hormone whose inefficient regulation results in raised blood sugar condition referred to as Hyperglycemia. The occurrence of hyperglycemia is detrimental to the body system, particularly the blood vessels and the nerves. There are two types of diabetes; type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes (NIH, 2019). Type 1 diabetes formerly referred to as insulin-dependent diabetes occurs due to deficient of production of insulin. Patients with type 1 diabetes demonstrate symptoms such as constant hunger and thirst, excessive urine secretion, fatigue, weight loss, and vision impairment. Subsequently, patients with type 1 diabetes are managed by daily insulin administration. Type 2 diabetes commonly referenced as non-insulin-dependent diabetes occurs when the body is unable to effectively use produced insulin. Type 1 diabetes is the prevalent type of diabetes worldwide resulting mainly from low physical activity and excessive weight gain. CDC (2017) report indicate that although the risk of developing diabetes advances with age, the chronic condition prevalence in children is steadily increasing. Whilst the symptoms of type 2 is similar to the type 1 diabetes, they take more time for the complications to manifest hence takes more time prior to diagnosis.

C. History of the disease/condition

The first mention of diabetes dates back to the 1552BCE when a Hesy- Ra, an Egyptian physician referred the condition as excessive passing of urine. The word insulin was introduced in 1922 during a paper presented during the annual meeting of Association of American Physicians subsequently resulting to mass production of Insulin by the University of Toronto and Indianapolis Eli Lilly & Company and made commercially available in 1923. Other advancements in the diabetes control and treatment include the pancreas transplant in 1966, introduction of Humulin in 1982, islet transplant in 1999 and the designation of November 14th as World Diabetes Day by United Nations (Canadian Diabetes Association, 2019).

II. Content

A. Statistics/Epidemiology:

1....…the common test undertaken by physicians to diagnose diabetes. Testing equipment such as the blood glucose meter available over the counter can be used for self-testing. A1C of below 5.7% indicates a normal condition, a 5.7-6.4% indicating prediabetes and 6.5 and above indicating diabetes condition (NIH, 2019).

2. The prediction of this disease/condition’s outcome (i.e., prognosis)

Uncontrolled or poorly controlled diabetes yields to fatal comorbid conditions such as cardiovascular disease, renal failure, blindness, and foot amputation. The CDC (2017) analysis identified a reduced life expectancy of people diagnosed with diabetes. The report further identifies type 1 diabetes patient diagnosed before adulthood were likely to develop acute diabetes complication and succumb before the age of 30 years. According to NIH (2019) complications such as cardiovascular diseases, neuropathy, limb amputation and depression are highly reported in patients with type 2 diabetes reducing the life expectancy by up to 10 years.

III. Conclusion

It’s irrefutable that the increasing prevalence of diabetes worldwide presents a global health challenge. The increasing prevalence poses a policy challenge of increasing resources allocated for research, control, and treatment of diabetes. The statistics as well as portrays a deteriorating lifestyle characterized by low physical activity coupled of high cholesterol consumption, a trend that ought to be reversed to reverse the diabetes trend globally.

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