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His explanation for dropping out of the rest of four other schools is another indicator of his inability to control his manifestations: "I didn't exactly flunk out or anything. I just quit, sort of" "One of the biggest reasons I left Elkton Hills was because I was surrounded by phonies" (Salinger). "It makes me so depressed I go crazy. I hated that goddam Elkton Hills"(Salinger). It is one of the many times Holden uses the word "depressed." The periods of depression he is describing are alternating with periods of exaltation when he is just happy to play in the snow, read a book, spend an evening with a girl, be with his younger sister or listening with his older brother.
He is hyper-energetic and often presents outburst of violent acts. As if trying to diagnose himself, he is asking at some point: "I'm just going through a phase right now. Everybody goes through phases and all, don't they?" (Salinger). He does not seem convinced and neither is the audience. Further, he confesses being a liar for no reason at all, which adds to his carelessness and inability to pay attention even when he is in charge, like the episode on the metro. His lack of attention extends to the most common acts, like that of borrowing a book from the library: he did not notice they gave him the wrong book until he got home.
Holden's story about the last years of his young life is revealing the symptoms of bipolar disorder in at least five manic and five depressive manifestations, over an extended period of...
Further inquiries must be however undertaken until a correct treatment can be recommended.
Outline:
1. Bipolar Disorder. Symptoms, Causes, Dyagnosis. Statistics.
1.1 Bipolar disorder in the main character in the Catcher in the Rye
1.3 State of the medicine in the researches concerning the illness during the time of the events told by the narrator compared to what medicine and psychology developed now.
2. Symptoms and counterarguments in Holden Caulfield that indicate his possible suffering of bipolar disorder and his own reaction to his behavior.
2.1 Comparison and distinction from other comorbid disorders present in adolescence.
2.3 Other symptoms that merge toward the diagnosis of bipolar disorder in Holden Caulfield.
2.3.1 His own reaction to his inability to control some of his manifestations
3. Conclusion toward the diagnosis.
References
Geller, B. DelBello M.P. 2003. Bipolar Disorder in Childhood and Early Adolescence. Guilford Press.
Salinger. J.D. 1991. The Catcher in the Rye. Little, Brown and Company.
Bipolar Disorder. 2007. Reviewed by: David V. Sheslow, PhD. Retrieved: Feb 3, 2009. Available at http://kidshealth.org/teen/your_mind/mental_health/bipolar.html
Bipolar Disorder. 2008. NIMH. Retrieved: Feb 3, 2009. Available at http://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/bipolar-disorder/complete-publication.shtml
Bipolar disorder is described as a condition in which individuals oscillate between periods of good or irritable mood and depression. The condition is basically characterized with very quick mood swings between mania and depression. Since the disorder equally affects men and women alike, it always starts between 15-25 years (Rogge & Zieve, 2012). While the actual cause for disorder remains unknown or unclear, it tends to develop in relatives of
Bipolar Disorder generally sets in during adolescence or early adulthood though it may also occur late in one's life or during childhood. It results in terrible mood swings ranging from mania and euphoria to depression and suicidal tendencies. The earlier a person is diagnosed with bipolar disorder the better. Medication is available for bipolar disorder, which helps control the mood swings and even treats the condition. Diagnosis of bipolar disorders
In stark contrast, in the adult population of individuals with bipolar disorder, females outnumber males slightly (Egan 2008, p.11).These discrepancies indicate a profile of a more 'difficult child' rather than the specific disease-related pattern of manic depression. The malleable nature of childhood reality presents another difficulty in diagnosis. While a dissociation from reality is one of the manifestations of bipolarity in adults, "it's normal for children to pretend that
Bipolar Disorder: Abnormalities in Brain Structures and Functions A person experiencing bipolar disorder will feel alternately euphoric and severely depressed of they can have a mixture of those emotional states. This condition is known to e a disease, much like any other chronic medical condition, which can be mediated by a medication regimen, but not cured. It is also known that there are elements of the disease which relate to certain structures
Scientists thus call this tendency a "genetic vulnerability" to inherit depression (Read 2007:1) Biologically, bipolarity is not caused by brain damage although there is mounting evidence that the brains of bipolar patients look different from those without mood disorders. A 2000 study in the American Journal of Psychiatry that the brains of patients with bipolar disorder contain 30% more cells that send signals to other brain cells, suggesting that the
Bipolar Disorder is a complex mood and brain disorder, characterized by unusual energy levels, shift in moods, and the capacity to carry out routine tasks. People living with this disorder experience numerous symptoms amid episode (Hawke, Velyvis and Parikh, 2013). In addition, anxiety disorders are among the highly prevalent co-morbidities linked with the disorder. Prior studies suggest that 74.9% of individuals with the disorder have at least one anxiety disorder