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Differential Learning In Mathematics Essay

¶ … conveyed in an effective manner to meet the needs of students. It is an important aspect of differentiating instruction. Students with diagnosed learning disabilities will receive an IEP designed to address their specific learning issues and deficits. Presentation, response, timing (scheduling) and setting can all be addressed in differentiation. Memory; auditory, visual, and even motor processing; attention deficits; abstract reasoning issues; and organizational problems can all cause issues for students that can be improved with differentiated instruction (Ginsberg & Dolan, 2003, p. 87). In-class assessment can take place in both in traditional formative and performance-based ways. Formative assessment is used during the learning process so the teacher can check in to see what the student has retained. This can be observational or in the form of quizzes or other graded formats. But while performance-based assessment can take the form of conventional tests there are other methods besides exams, including flexible interviews which ask students to demonstrate what they have learned, such as how to solve a problem. Students can be asked to do so either publically in a class or in a private interview. This allows the teacher to determine if the student understands why he or she is performing certain actions, versus...

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While standardized tests have been much criticized, provided they are not the only way of monitoring student progress, they can provide a valuable method of ensuring that the instructional format is truly meeting student needs (Ginsberg & Dolan, 2003, p. 98). Tests also ensure that assessment is fair and balanced and not influenced by teachers' biases. Achievement tests assess student performance in specific mathematics content areas while cognitive tests assess students' ability to understand specific concept areas (Ginsberg & Dolan, 2003, p. 98).
Chapter 5: Number and Operations

One of the principles of current mathematics education is that students should understand numbers, not merely how to manipulate them. Students who are computationally fluent are not simply efficient and accurate in their methodology but also flexible (Rathmell & Gabriele, 2013, p. 109). This means that students have more than the basic skill set to cope with the challenges of mathematical worksheets; they must also be able to know what skills to use to cope with a new computational challenge. New standards-based tests demand that students show how they achieved their…

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Chapter 6: Algebra

Algebra is often taught relatively early in a student's middle school or high school career but many students, particularly students with learning disabilities, struggle to grasp its basic concepts (Lannin & Van Garderen, 2013, p.141). Weak abstract reasoning skills, combined with computational and memory deficits as well as low self-esteem all conspire to make learning algebra especially difficult for LD students. The most basic concepts of algebra can be fostered as early as grade school, when children learn the intrinsic properties of numbers such as even and odd and zero. Even elementary school children should understand that adding and subtracting the same thing does not change the property's intrinsic value (Lannin & Van Garderen, 2013, p.146). By grade 6 or so they should be able to write their own equations to understand simple word problems; by grade 8 they should understand linear functions (Lannin & Van Garderen, 2013, p.148). But always, the emphasis must be on real understanding. Tables, graphs, and other methods can be useful although it is important for the instructor to be focused on conveying the meaning of the equation to the student, above all else. Linking the equation to a physical representation is key, not simply using a graphic without an expressed pedagogical purpose (Lannin & Van Garderen, 2013, p.152).

For LD students in particular, developing a step-by-step method to approach algebraic equations is critical. Pictorial representations can also be useful. Finally, self-monitoring is important, given that LD often have a weak skill set in this area. All of these approaches can be useful for all students but a teacher must be especially mindful of using this approach with LD students. Both authentic tasks and cognitive understanding is essential for true mastery (Lannin & Van Garderen, 2013, p.157). Peer-based learning can be helpful to enhance motivation.
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