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Acceptable Recruitment Methods
Acceptable Method of Selection of Controls Correlations between variables was analyzed using Pearsons
Minimization of Bias
Were the Confounders Accounted for in the Study Design
Are the Results Believable
Are They Applicable to Other Populations (Generalizable)
Do the Results Fit with Available Evidence
Jorde & Figenschau, 2009
Yes, as reflected from the title: Supplementation with cholecalciferol does not improve glycaemic control in diabetic subjects with normal serum 25- hydroxyvitamin D levels
Yes, because patients with poor glycemic control were randomly assigned to control and case group. Also appropriate dosages of Vit. D was used
Place of recruitment was not specified.
Patients were randomly assigned to both groups.
Variables were clearly defined.
Yes, the control group was randomly selected from the actual population
No blinding method used. Compliance was assessed by asking patients to return unused capsules.
Yes, they were: BMI, smoking status, waist to hip ratio, blood pressure, serum calcium, creatinine, lipid profile and 24 hr. urinary calcium.
Yes, because the method used was appropriate and acceptable
No, because of short sample size and short duration of study.
No, because vitamin D dosage was suboptimal
No, because of short sample size and short duration of study.
Yes, available evidence also confirm an improvement of glycemic control with Vitamin D supplementation.
Patel et al., 2010
The focus of this article was slightly broader due to the comparison groups between patients receiving subtherapeutic Vitamin D dosing (400 IU daily) and those receiving 1200 IU daily.
No, because the mean fasting glucose level of patients was already normal.
Yes, patients had an abnormal HbA1c and low Vitamin D levels.
Subjects for the control group were randomly selected from…
Diabetes and Vitamin D Studies Evaluation Table Clearly Focused Issue Appropriate Method to Answer the Research Question Acceptable Recruitment Methods Acceptable Method of Selection of Controls Minimization of Bias Were the Confounders Accounted for in the Study Design Are the Results Believable Are They Applicable to Other Populations (Generalizable) Do the Results Fit with Available Evidence Witham et al., 2010 This is a follow-up study. The issue is whether patients with a vitamin D level of higher than 250 HD will gain
Sugar Substitutes SWEET BUT DEADLY? Health Concerns and Risks of Using Sugar Substitutes Sweets and sugar-sweetened pop or soft drinks have recently been blamed for an increasing number of negative health conditions, such as overweight and diabetes. This has led solid soft drink consumers to turn to artificially sweetened soft drinks as substitutes. The safety of artificial sweeteners or sugar substitutes has been questioned but the impact of high intakes of artificial sweeteners
"Hyperkalemia is a potentially life-threatening metabolic problem caused by inability of the kidneys to excrete potassium, impairment of the mechanisms that move potassium from the circulation into the cells, or a combination of these factors "FN12. The article states that acute episodes of hyperkalemia are commonly triggered by the introduction of a medication affecting potassium, and that illnesses and dehydration can also be factors. The physician must also be