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¶ … double blind trial. This is a study where neither the researchers or the participants know what they will receive. First and foremost, it removes any potential for bias, as there are no preconceived notions from the participants or those studying the reactions of the trial. Such studies often also "follow less restrictive methodological standards than phase III studies in terms of patient selection, comedictation, and other design issues," (Muller, 2011). Essentially they have greater room to better replicate real world scenarios. They are also much more able to be generalized than studies with more restrictions. However, there are also some downsides to double blind trials. For example, there is a much greater variance that the research will have to deal with. This is "caused by the different kinds of confounders as well as problematic design issues" that can lead to "wrong conclusions," (Muller, 2011). When there are issues it is more difficult for the researchers to trace what went wrong and generate more accurate results. The level of evidence can thus be compromised and so such studies are often not used when there is a need for very specific conclusions.
Different scenarios require various methodologies. Placebo trials are effective for...
Also, there are ethical concerns where placebo-based trials are appropriate in drug trials that are not set in life threatening situations. Moreover, placebos are appropriate when there are no comparable drugs on the market. On the other hand, there are comparator trials. Comparator trials are appropriate when a comparable drug is already on the market, and researchers are testing a new alternative or a generic form. The use of comparator methods can help increase reliability by providing a way to gather results when the use of a placebo fails to generate the right scenario for the study design to be effective.
Part 2
Bio markers are conditions that help measure a biological state. They are biological observations that give researchers clues as to a study participant's physical and biological state. They are often chemical substances derived from bodily fluids that help researchers understand the biological impact of a drug or the biological health of a participant at any given time. These are incredibly useful for researchers in clinical studies because they help provide empirical evidence in changes of biological states in response to a drug…
References
Constanta, R. (2008). An integrative approach to quality of life management. Sapient 1(1), 12-16.
Muller, Hans-Jurgen. (2011). Effectiveness studies: Advantages and disadvantages. Dialogues on Clinical Neuroscience, 13(1), 199-207.
Lewis, John A. (2002). Study designs, duration, and choice of comparators including the use of placebo. Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience, 4(4), 463-469.
10). In this particular study, the effects of smoked cannabis as compared wit the results of patients who received and smoked placebos was significant, and showed a 34% reduction in daily pain amongst those patients receiving the cannabis, versus 17% amongst those patients receiving the placebo. The outcome of the studies conducted would suggest that medical use of marijuana for pain is recommended. The study concluded that there is an
There is however no cure. There is currently a lot of research dedicated to the development of more effective interventions as well as treatments for ADHD. These include the use of revolutionary tools such as brain scanners. The management and treatment of ADHD should be given a multidirectional approach. References Child Development Institute (2010). Suggested Classroom Interventions For Children With ADD & Learning Disabilities http://www.childdevelopmentinfo.com/learning/teacher.shtml Collins, K (2008).Strategis/techniques for ADHD http://www.disability.uiuc.edu/services/psych/index.php?sub=36#1 DSM-IV-TR workgroup (1994 ). The Diagnostic
RCTs Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are considered the "gold standard" in research that attempt to identify some type of causal relationship between an independent variable and dependent measure (Kraemer, Wilson, Fairburn, & Agras, 2002). The reason for this is that the process of random assignment to treatment groups or to the groups that receive the independent variable statistically controls for all the individual differences occurring in the participants that could affect
It would seem like bias would be eliminated that way, but this is not the case. There can be associations found on both group and individual levels, and that can be misleading (Goodman, Buehler, & Koplan, 1990). A researcher who notices this kind of association can be led to believe that it is something taking place on a group level, where it should actually be attributed to the people
Efficacy of Adrenaline in Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest Levels of evidence Audience Search Strategy Inclusion Criteria Exclusion Criteria Prior Research Issues with Prior Studies Efficacy of Adrenaline in Out-of-hospital Cardiac Arrest Levels of evidence Observational studies Randomized control trials Randomized clinical blinded trial Retrospective studies Audience This objective of this paper was to find out whether adrenaline is efficient in out-of-hospital patient. Therefore, information here within can be of help to investigators on the same, students and any other reader. The study uses simple English, which
Schizophrenia is considered to be one of the most sever psychiatric disorders. The incidence of the condition each year is approximately 15 in every 100,000 people, and the lifetime risk of developing schizophrenia is 0.7% (Tandon et al., 2008). Family history and genetics have been identified as contributing to the development of schizophrenia in 80% of cases (Tandon et al., 2008). Some environmental factors associated with increased likelihood of the