" Academy of Management Perspectives (August 2006). Accessed 18 June 2012 from:

http://www.ou.edu/russell/UGcomp/Cascio.pdf

This source is an article that appeared in the professional Journal, Academy of Management Perspectives. It provides a comparison of Wal-Mart and Costco from the perspective of their respective ethical approaches to various issues. Generally, the author contrasts the manner in which Wal-Mart takes unfair advantage of its market position with the way that Costco does not. Specifically, Wal-Mart pressure suppliers for prices that are too low to permit continual research and product development, which harms all stakeholders, including customers and supplying companies.

The author also details the way that Wal-Mart deliberately refuses to allow many part-time employees to work enough hours to qualify for employment benefits such as health insurance. According to the author, this approach allows Wal-Mart to profit at substantial expense to the general public because its part-time employees must rely on public programs and funds for various services that should rightfully be provided by the company.

Toor, S. And Ofori, G. "Ethical Leadership: Examining the Relationship with Full

Range Leadership Model, Employee Outcomes, and Organizational Culture." Journal of Business Ethics, Vol. 90 (2009):533 -- 547.

This source is an article that appeared in the peer-reviewed Journal of Business Ethics. It provides an analysis of the ways that managerial and organizational ethical values within management correspond to ethical values and compliance among employees. The authors determined that, in general, the employees of professional organizations whose executive management and corporate culture emphasize ethics in business tend to pay much greater attention to ethical issues than employees of professional organizations whose executive...

The authors also determined that there is a connection between certain leadership styles and contexts and ethical attitudes among personnel.
Engineering Ethics Sources

Johnston, S., McGregor, H., and Taylor E. "Practice-focused Ethics in Australian

Engineering Education." European Journal of Engineering, Vol. 25, No. 4

(2000): 315 -- 324.

This source is an article that appeared in the professional Journal, European Journal of Engineering. It focuses on the need for professional engineering companies to improve their compliance with engineering ethics principles on the part of their employees. The author determined that there was a substantial gap between the theoretical awareness of ethical principles among Australian engineers and the actual compliance with those principles in professional practice. It detailed some of the ways that engineering firms must promote better practical application of ethical concepts in professional practice.

Vee, C. And Skitmore, C. "Professional Ethics in the Construction Industry."

Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, Vol. 10, No. 2 (2003):

117 -- 127.

This source is an article that appeared in the professional Journal, Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management. It details the content and meaning of the various ethical tenets and provisions of the Australian Engineering Association's Code of Ethics and the degree to which those requirements are upheld in actual professional practice among professional Australian engineers. In that regard, the authors determined from industry surveys that ethical tenets 2, 4, 7, and 8 that outline the ethical concepts of equality, honesty, integrity, and professionalism are routinely violated by professional engineers in practice in Australia.