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¶ … Epidemiology
Shellfish-associated hepatitis a in 1961
Rippey, S.R. (1994). Infectious disease associated with molluscan shellfish consumption.
Clinical Microbiology Review. 7(4):419. DOI: 10.1128/CMR.7.4.419. http://cmr.asm.org/content/7/4/419.full.pdf
This article provides a historical overview of the shift to the dominance of different disease pathologies associated with consuming tainted shellfish. Prior to the 1950s, the most common disease associated with eating tainted shellfish was typhoid fever. However, improved sanitation has changed this and the last case of shellfish-derived typhoid fever was reported in 1954. Hepatitis A, in contrast to typhoid, is on the rise: the first case was reported in 1956 in Sweden. In 1961, there...
In the case of Hepatitis A, given the long incubation period of 2-4 weeks of the illness, this can present additional complications for epidemiologists and even today the 'tagging' system of original shellfish harvest sites can be extremely unreliable. This is troubling given that as mollusks are 'filter feeders' and are often consumed raw, they are uniquely advantageous agents for transmitting foodborne diseases, even though the type of…
86(5): 1757 -- 1763. doi: 10.1172/JCI114902. Retrieved from:
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC296930/
Epidemiologically speaking, tryptophan-associated eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome (L-TRP-EMS) is a relatively new disease but reached epidemic proportions in the U.S. In 1989. Epidemiologic data was able to connect the dots and link the syndrome to intake of L-tryptophan (L-TRP) to a specific manufacturer (Crofford 1990). Symptoms appeared in patients who were ingesting the amino acid L-tryptophan (L-TRP) for a variety of minor problems, including insomnia and depression. However, the 'treatment' soon was revealed to be worse than the disease L-TRP-EMS is "characterized initially by eosinophilia, myalgias, and edema, and subsequently by myositis, fasciitis, skin sclerosis and peripheral neuropathy" (Crofford 1990). The development of the syndrome was linked to one manufacturer, suggesting that a contaminant in the process may have been implicated in the disorder. However, this is far from conclusive given that many asymptomatic individuals ingested the amino acid from the possibly contaminated batch. The article details the construction of an animal model to simulate the disorder to better understand the possible epidemiology and progression of L-TRP-EMS.
Epidemiology Definition and Description of Epidemiology The word epidemiology was derived from the Greek words where "epi" means upon, "demos" means people, and "logos" means study. Epidemiology can be defined in detail as the study of distribution and determinants of health-related states or events in specified populations, and the application of this study to the prevention and control of health problems. (Last, 2001) Here, in the definition the distribution refers to analysis of persons,
The "where" category is at the right corner, and can be delineated as Fulton, Georgia. All three categories interact with each other to offer conclusions for the study. Additional factors such as child abuse and the crime rate can then be examined in terms of these categories. According to Rosenberg & Handler, descriptive epidemiology focuses on the pattern and frequency of health issues for a population group, while analytic epidemiology
References. "Epidemiology." World Health Organization. Viewed 13 April, 2013. Retrieved from http://www.who.int/topics/epidemiology/en/ 2. Qualitative research, and qualitative understanding, is very useful in translating certain ideas into words that can be more readily understood by the researcher. Quality is understood as a subjective term and by trying to model quality into a form that can be translated mathematically allows this type of data to be manipulated and crafted to fit certain arguments. Descriptive
Recent estimates suggest that while representing 25% of the ever sexually active population, 15 to 24 years of age acquire nearly half of all new STD" (Special focus profiles: Adolescents and young adults, 2007, Surveillance 2006: CDC). Explained the type of epidemiology used While most of the data compiled is based upon statistical evidence from clinics and hospitals, in addition to this analytical methodology, research indicates in a descriptive fashion that
Epidemiology Intersecting With and Impacting Nursing Work Although epidemiological research may seem far removed from the work of the clinical nurse, in actuality it has a material impact upon how nurses interact with patients every day. A good example of this is the mounting epidemiological evidence indicating that there is an obesity epidemic in the United States. Without this knowledge, a nurse might be inclined to ignore a patient whose weight
Epidemiology in Public Health Nursing When a disease is described as endemic, it usually refers to the expected or normal prevalence of an infectious agent for a specific group or region (Beaglehole, Bonita, and Kjellstrom, 1993). The cause of malaria, the parasite Plasmodium faciparum, is limited to tropical and subtropical regions of the world, including Central and South America, Central and South East Asia, and Sub-Saharan Africa (Hay et al., 2009).