Verified Document

Established Methods Of Control And The Current Essay

¶ … established methods of control and the current departmental and organizational cultures. Organization culture is an element that must exist in every organization. The description of the term 'organization culture' has proven to be too elusive. This is attributed to the fact that the term is defined in terms of both causes and effects. Organizational culture has been defined differently by scholars. Kroeber and Kluckholn (1952) for instance defined organizational culture as consisting of patterns that are both implicit and explicit of the behaviors that is acquired as well as transmitted by various symbols that constitute the rather distinctive nature of achievements of various human groups. The main element of culture is tradition. According to Hofstede (1980), culture is the collective programming of an individual's mind which effectively distinguishes the group members from each other. Symington (1983) on the other hand defined culture as the complex whole that is made up of knowledge, art, beliefs, morals, capabilities, habits as well as morals that are acquired by an individual as a member of a given society. Sinha (2000) on the other hand, presented an Indian perspective to the concept of organizational culture.He pointed out that it is made up of the totality of beliefs, assumptions, social systems, values, people's behavior, social systems as well as institutions that reflects their desire to effectively maintain the continuity and the need to adapt to the external demands. All these descriptions seems to suggests that culture is asset of values that are shared equally by all members of a given group or society. Organizational culture however, describes the interactions that takes place among various organizational factors such as goals, missions, objectives, boundaries, human resources as well as constraints. The organismic factors such as skills, needs, knowledge as well as expectations are also included.

The functions of organizational culture are numerous. It helps in behavioral control, encouragement of stability as well as the provision of a source of identity.

How organizational culture controls behavior

Organizational behavior controls culture in a variety of ways.

Though social norms

Organizational norms are the most obvious of all the cultural control mechanisms. It refers to the behavioral expectations that individuals will act in various ways according to the situation at hand. The norms are enforced by the group members of a given group through the implementation or imposition of social sanctions.

Through shared values

Shared values is a cultural control mechanism.

The main word here is culture in most organizations .Scholes (2000) observes that culture often become the center of attention whenever there is a shift in modes of operation when companies for example merge and/or when growth and other strategic change occurs. This means that the existing culture becomes inappropriate and hinders rather than support progress.

Louis (1980) defines it as a set of understanding or meanings shared by a group of people that are largely tacit among members and are clearly relevant and distinctive to the particular group which are passed on to new members .Trice and Beyer (1984) describe is as any social system arising from a network of shared ideologies consisting of two components; substances -- the networks of meaning with ideologies, norms and values and the forms of practices whereby the meaning are expressed, affirmed, and communicated to members .

Functions of Behavioral culture:

It defines and arrange of behavioral control, as well as encourages stability through the provision of sources of identity.

Culture control:

There are two basic ways in which a culture or more accurately members of a reference group representing a culture, creates high levels of cross individual consistency.

Social Norms

This are the most basic and most obviouss of cultural mechanism it is a behavioral expectation that people will act in certain situations .Norms are not necessary rules enforced by others members of reference group

Shared controls

Shared Values are the conscious affective desires or wants of people that guide their behavior.

Improving...

Parts of this document are hidden

View Full Document
svg-one

Develop working structures and subcommittees in which individuals are assigned clear individual goals accomplish. Make top management answerable to mistakes within the organization, Head people need to recognize that they are not just paid handsomely they carry the mantle.
Recommend a restructuring strategy that would improve the culture and empower employees

In order to manage change, the organization can employ the Systems Model of Change. This approach is based on the idea that any change, irrespective of its size possesses a cascading effect throughout the entire organization (Kreitner & Kinicki, 2004). This system has three main components, input, and target element of the change as well as the outputs. The input element is made up of the internal forces like the strengths and weaknesses of the organization as well as the external forces like the organizational opportunities as well as the threats that face the organization as consequence of outside forces like competitors and the customers. The elements to be targeted in the process of organizational change are five in number. They include; a).The organization of various arrangements likes policies, roles, rewards, physical settings as well as procedures).the goals which are made up of the desired and priorities, standards as well as linkages that exists between the organizations). c) The people who comprises of their abilities, knowledge, behavior, attitudes as well as behavior. d) Social factors which include factors like the organizational culture, interpersonal interactions, group processes and e) the methods which is made up of the processes, job design, work flow as well as technology. The outputs in this process can be at the organizational level, group level or individual level as pointed out by Kreitner & Kinicki (2004, p. 680).

Transformational leadership

Organizations may institute or rather adopt transformational leadership techniques in order to institute change within the organization. Transformational leadership is leadership that involves a leader who institutes change by through the changing of the organization's key strategies as well as culture in order to make them better fit with the existing organizational environment as pointed out by McShane & Von Glinow (2005, p. 4). Transformational leaders have been shown to have the ability to formulate a strategic vision as well as communicate it, its model as well as build a lasting commitment to the vision. A review of organizational literature reveals that employees get more satisfaction if the vision of the organization is well pointed out for them. It has been pointed out that two of the main obstacles of change leadership in organizations involves the resistance to change as well as convincing the employees that they changes can have benefits to them. A transformational leader is able to effectively sell this vision to the employees and in turn reduce the level of resistance to organizational change.

Describe which management practices would be most effective and why.

Robbins and Judge (2007) pointed out that the real business world is turbulent and therefore requires a given organization to undergo constant and dynamic changes in order to remain competitive. The adopted change strategy often involves the comprehensive combination of various leadership styles as well as adjustments to the organizational structure. Organizations must consistently respond to the internal as well as external factors in order to improve their performance. An effective leadership often involves the ability of the leader to motivate as well as influence the followers fully in an effort to contribute to the efficiency and success…

Sources used in this document:
References

Carley, Kathleen. (1998). Organizational Adaptation. Annals of Operations Research, 75: 25-47.

Hofstede, G.H. (1980), Culture Consequences: International Differences in Work-related Values, Sage Publications, London.

Kroeber, A.L., & Kluckhohn, C. (1952). Culture: A critical review of concepts and definitions. Harvard University Peabody Museum of American Archeology and Ethnology Papers 47.

Kreitner, R., and Kinicki, A. (2004). Organizational Behavior (6th ed., 710 pages)
Cite this Document:
Copy Bibliography Citation

Related Documents

Cemetery Archeology Project More Than
Words: 918 Length: 3 Document Type: Essay

Examination of Compiled Birth and Death Date Data By averaging the ages of death for all of the seventeen (17) males in the data set, as well as the eighteen (18) females, it was possible to calculate the average age of death for each gender. For the thirty-five (35) subjects studied in this section of Oak Grove Cemetery, males were deceased at an average age of 63.65 years, while females were

Public Archeology Nationalism and Public
Words: 2216 Length: 7 Document Type: Essay

One other area of the world which is currently experiencing some major problems related to archeological excavations in public places is the Middle East, particularly Israel and within its capital city of Jerusalem. In this case study by Yigal Bronner and Neve Gordon, the main area of dispute lies with "the way archeology is being used in Silwan, a Palestinian neighborhood in the oldest part" of Jerusalem, where excavations, under

Making Things Public: Archaeologies of the Spanish Civil War
Words: 1194 Length: 4 Document Type: Essay

Artistic Analysis of "The Weeping Woman": A Plan to Develop a New Work The meaning of artistic work continues to evolve to mold into new forms and shapes. The current sociological and economic developments are significantly influencing the artistic creations. Women have the power in the society, and, therefore, they have the freedom to do jobs, own businesses, and at a personal level, they now possess the option of sexual orientation.

Culture and the Evolutionary Process of Human Beings
Words: 3353 Length: 10 Document Type: Research Paper

Archeology THE ROLE OF CULTURE AND ENVIRONMENT IN THE EVOLUTION OF HUMANITY Understanding the evolution of humanity has been one of the most critical quests for most individuals in the current society. The intersection between environmental influences and culture creates an area of social interest with a focus on human evolution. Empirical research shows that the society plays a significant role in shaping the evolution of human beings as evidenced by psychological

Biography of Archaeologist Kathleen Kenyon
Words: 3442 Length: 10 Document Type: Research Paper

Archaeologist Kathleen Kenyon Biography Of Archaelogist Kathleen Kenyon To many it might be understood that it was actually predictable that Kathleen Kenyon could possibly turn into one of the great women archaeologists throughout all of the 20th century. She was born on January 5, 1906, Kathleen was the eldest daughter of well-known theological intellectual Sir Frederick Kenyon, who was beyond 20 years administrator of the British Arts center. Sometime down the

Archaeology and Science Required Reading:
Words: 1740 Length: 6 Document Type: Essay

But a multi-disciplinary approach is always useful. 4. Should archaeology students be required to take ethnographic methods classes? Yes, because that knowledge is necessary in understanding the cultures of local communities or indigenous people on whose territory an archeologist studies sites and artifacts. Local communities are also affected by excavations and the knowledge about them is essential for doing archaeology. 5. Why is timely publication important? The data are already old! One of

Sign Up for Unlimited Study Help

Our semester plans gives you unlimited, unrestricted access to our entire library of resources —writing tools, guides, example essays, tutorials, class notes, and more.

Get Started Now