¶ … established methods of control and the current departmental and organizational cultures.
Organization culture is an element that must exist in every organization. The description of the term 'organization culture' has proven to be too elusive. This is attributed to the fact that the term is defined in terms of both causes and effects. Organizational culture has been defined differently by scholars. Kroeber and Kluckholn (1952) for instance defined organizational culture as consisting of patterns that are both implicit and explicit of the behaviors that is acquired as well as transmitted by various symbols that constitute the rather distinctive nature of achievements of various human groups. The main element of culture is tradition. According to Hofstede (1980), culture is the collective programming of an individual's mind which effectively distinguishes the group members from each other. Symington (1983) on the other hand defined culture as the complex whole that is made up of knowledge, art, beliefs, morals, capabilities, habits as well as morals that are acquired by an individual as a member of a given society. Sinha (2000) on the other hand, presented an Indian perspective to the concept of organizational culture.He pointed out that it is made up of the totality of beliefs, assumptions, social systems, values, people's behavior, social systems as well as institutions that reflects their desire to effectively maintain the continuity and the need to adapt to the external demands. All these descriptions seems to suggests that culture is asset of values that are shared equally by all members of a given group or society. Organizational culture however, describes the interactions that takes place among various organizational factors such as goals, missions, objectives, boundaries, human resources as well as constraints. The organismic factors such as skills, needs, knowledge as well as expectations are also included.
The functions of organizational culture are numerous. It helps in behavioral control, encouragement of stability as well as the provision of a source of identity.
How organizational culture controls behavior
Organizational behavior controls culture in a variety of ways.
Though social norms
Organizational norms are the most obvious of all the cultural control mechanisms. It refers to the behavioral expectations that individuals will act in various ways according to the situation at hand. The norms are enforced by the group members of a given group through the implementation or imposition of social sanctions.
Through shared values
Shared values is a cultural control mechanism.
The main word here is culture in most organizations .Scholes (2000) observes that culture often become the center of attention whenever there is a shift in modes of operation when companies for example merge and/or when growth and other strategic change occurs. This means that the existing culture becomes inappropriate and hinders rather than support progress.
Louis (1980) defines it as a set of understanding or meanings shared by a group of people that are largely tacit among members and are clearly relevant and distinctive to the particular group which are passed on to new members .Trice and Beyer (1984) describe is as any social system arising from a network of shared ideologies consisting of two components; substances -- the networks of meaning with ideologies, norms and values and the forms of practices whereby the meaning are expressed, affirmed, and communicated to members .
Functions of Behavioral culture:
It defines and arrange of behavioral control, as well as encourages stability through the provision of sources of identity.
Culture control:
There are two basic ways in which a culture or more accurately members of a reference group representing a culture, creates high levels of cross individual consistency.
Social Norms
This are the most basic and most obviouss of cultural mechanism it is a behavioral expectation that people will act in certain situations .Norms are not necessary rules enforced by others members of reference group
Shared controls
Shared Values are the conscious affective desires or wants of people that guide their behavior.
Improving...
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