Financial Accounting
The reasons companies create and maintain accounting systems
Accounting is the language of business. The ability to record transactions is critical for companies in regards to keeping track of critical performance metrics. The subsequent management of revenues and expenses is critical for the sustainability of the business. Accounting systems, therefore, are needed for accurate assessment of business progress. Businesses create these systems to help facilitate their overall strategic objectives. For instances, if accounts receivables are high, management may be inclined to increase credit terms to discourage customers from borrowing. A natural reaction from this strategic move could possibly be an increase in customers paying in cash. Through tightening credit, management was able to avoid potential delinquencies while increase the cash on hand. These decisions can be made through accurate and timely accounting systems.
In addition, accounting systems can help businesses determine methods by which to improve operations. Aspects such as inventory turnover and expenses can be tracked using accounting systems. In many instances, investors demand a required rate of return for their investment in a business. Through proper accounting systems, management can better ascertain areas that may need improvement, ultimately helping to generate high returns. For example, financial firms are using accounting systems to reduce the overall cost structure of their businesses. Many large financial firms are announcing job cuts, expense reductions, or divestitures. All of which will help drive businesses earnings and investor returns. Accounting systems are need in these instances to help facilitate the decision making process
The basic structure of assets, liabilities, and...
It is an economic resource used to help create positive economic value. In regards to accounting, assets can be both tangible and intangible. Intangible assets often include aspects that can't be readily quantified such as a brand name. Liabilities are generally considered debts or obligations to other entities. These obligations generally take the form of loans from banks or other financial institutions. In some instances liabilities such as loans can be used to finance the acquisition of assets such as real estate. This is particularly advantageous to firms when interest rates are low. For example, firms may borrow at low interest rates, to fund projects that have a high rate of return. Stockholders equity is the claim of earnings by the most junior class of investor. The common shareholder has an interest in the assets of the company, after subtracting liabilities. This proportional interest in the earnings of the business is called stockholders equity. Lower liabilities, including loans outstanding, generally leave more earnings for the common shareholders. In addition, some companies may engage in the practice or purchasing their own shares with low cost debt, to enhance the earnings per share of the remaining shareholders.
The four basic financial statements
1) A balance sheet gives an overall picture of a company's financial situation by showing the total assets of a business. The balance sheet also includes liabilities and shareholders' equity. The balance sheet starts with current assets. Current assets are generally considered assets that easily be converted into cash. These assets are then ordered by liquidity with cash and cash equivalents being…
