The NSA had been illegally investigating several journalists and even violating their privacy by monitoring their telephone use through systems and capabilities designed for use against terrorist suspects only. Fourth Amendment constitutional rights prohibit any such use of surveillance without judicial authorization, typically, a search warrant or wire tap warrant issued after a formal presentation of evidence and the establishment of probable cause, as required by the original text of

AbstractThis article offers a review of Fourth Amendment interpretive law, with a focus on evolving exemptions to the exclusionary law as well as how social media had impacted interpretations of unreasonable searches and seizures and citizens’ privacy rights.Criminal Justice Investigations: The Fourth AmendmentThe Fourth Amendment to the Constitution guarantees “the right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects,” by protecting them “against unreasonable searches

Open Field Doctrine The Fourth Amendment is one of the most important and hotly contested and debated amendment within the Bill of Rights to the United State Constitution. Many people focus on the First and Second amendment. The Fourth Amendment, when discussed, usually comes up when speaking of house/car searches and whether warrants are needed and how they can and should be procured. Interpretations of the Fourth Amendment have led to

Fourth Amendment The United States, as a society, is based upon principles of which other nations in today's world can only dream. Most Americans are proud to admit their heritage, their citizenship, their identity. This "americanness" is fostered by various values that we hold, as well as by the documents that have literally formed our country. One such document is the United States Constitution, amended by the Bill of Rights. The amendments

Both the U.S. Senate and the U.S. Congress are slowly coming to the realization that they will have to address this issue which the Bush administration left behind to muddy the waters of citizen privacy rights in combination with the cases that are presently awaiting an appeal in the appeal courts throughout the United States due to violation of their rights to privacy during search and seizures arrests. Bibliography Panetta, Toni

First Amendment, the Constitution, and the Supreme Court Freedom of and from religion and freedom of speech are the distinct provisions of the First Amendment; it gives citizens of the United States the unalienable human right to assembly and speech. However, the language is intentionally vague. The framers of the Constitution, anticipating unknown applications of the amendment, gave power to the Supreme Court to act as ultimate arbiter in matters