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The lack of father figure in the story underscores Jerry's preoccupation with the group of boys.
The symbolism in "Through the Tunnel" offers a perfect opportunity to explore Freudian theory. In fact, the symbolism emerges like it would in dreams. The titular tunnel is the central image, being an overt representation of the vaginal canal. Moreover, Jerry contemplates the opening of the canal, its vulva, for a long time before entering it. References to the "promontory" of the beach, "strokes," and finally an "explosion" offer phallic imagery too. Jerry is driven to explore the tunnel by a group of boys that he longed for with "a craving that filled his whole body," (5). The longing also suggests homosexuality, which is tempered soon by Jerry's deeper desire to make it through the tunnel.
Jerry matures into a "most unchildlike" preteen by the end of the story...
His urge to dive is at first an impulsive id desire. However, the way the boy addresses his anxiety assures that he will not fixate at the phallic stage. Jerry navigates through the latency stage of development by honing his self-will, self-discipline, and self-control. He effectively balances his need for security with exploration.
Coming-of-age imagery includes the transformation in his mother's arm from being white to tan. Jerry views his mother's beach as being for children, opposed with the rocky shore. His subconscious comparison between the two signifies his transition from boyhood into manhood. Moreover, Jerry is posed half in the "cool enclosing water," and "half in the hot sun" (13). The blood is also a symbol of menstruation and the menarche or first period at which a girl becomes a woman. Jerry's bleeding becomes a clear symbol of his rite of passage.
Ego psychology is rooted in Sigmunds Freud's breakthrough concepts of his time relating to the id, ego, and superego. Ego psychology has evolved since his time and relies heavily on psychoanalysis. Freud originally conceptualized three regions of the mind. The id, which represents what is completely unconscious to us and serves as a pleasure center that seeks immediate gratification. The ego, which is a secondary process, that tries to reconcile
Ego Psychology Theorists of Ego Psychology: Ego psychology comes under the neo-analytic theory. Neo-analytic theory recasts and broadens psychoanalytic theory by underplaying sexuality, and by underplaying the significance of the unconscious. Instead it highlights the role of the ego. There are some neo-analytic theorists who concentrate on the process of the ego, while some concentrate on how the ego relates with and is influenced by other individuals or society or culture. Freud
The ego does not have any concept of right or wrong but it understands that an action is good when it achieves the desired end of satisfying the need without harming the id or itself. The superego The superego is the last component of personality to develop in a person. Sigmund Freud argues that the superego begins to appear in a person at the age of five years during the phallic
The ego also understands that submitting to the id can lead to self-destructive behavior. The ego is also subject to "defense mechanisms" that will help it mediate between the id and the super-ego. One defense mechanism present in Bundy's behavior is displacement. Displacement occurs when one directs threatening impulses on a less threatening target. Reports indicate that Bundy directed his attacks on middle-class, white females, between the ages of
Loevinger's Stages Of Ego Development Jane Loevinger's Stages of Ego Development Jane Loevinger's theory about the stages of ego development builds upon Harry Stack Sullivan's earlier theory of ego development stages such as Impulsive, Conformist, Conscientious, and Autonomous. Loevinger's theory is a more complex one, describing how ego organizes and directs the activities of the person as subject. Each development stage, in Loevinger's theory, is characterized by a psychic structure that defines
Then I realized that I have done the same thing to other people, and I just project my faults onto them. I used to strongly dislike one kid in class because he was really shy and never spoke up, even though he was smart. I used to get frustrated with him and wanted to tell him to be more assertive. Then when I reflected on this kid one day,