Ego psychology is rooted in Sigmunds Freud's breakthrough concepts of his time relating to the id, ego, and superego. Ego psychology has evolved since his time and relies heavily on psychoanalysis. Freud originally conceptualized three regions of the mind. The id, which represents what is completely unconscious to us and serves as a pleasure center that seeks immediate gratification. The ego, which is a secondary process, that tries to reconcile the demands of other parts of the mind with the natural world and the social constructs in which it operates. Finally, the superego has an idealistic nature that most people consider someone's "conscience." These forces of the mind, among others such as instincts, help describe the dynamics of personality that can motivate people to perform certain behaviors.
1-What is the role the therapeutic relationship plays in terms of therapy outcomes?
The therapeutic relationship plays a vital role in terms of patient outcomes.…...
Ego psychology comes under the neo-analytic theory. Neo-analytic theory recasts and broadens psychoanalytic theory by underplaying sexuality, and by underplaying the significance of the unconscious. Instead it highlights the role of the ego. There are some neo-analytic theorists who concentrate on the process of the ego, while some concentrate on how the ego relates with and is influenced by other individuals or society or culture. Freud thought that the main job of ego was to intervene among the id, superego and external realism. Ego psychologists vary from Freud by stating that: The ego is concerned in adjustment, i.e. that the aim of behavior is adjustment to the surroundings and that the ego is powerfully concerned; and that the ego prevails from birth. Based on Freud's early works, a number of famous ego psychologists have done their works, but with a better and diverse prominence on ego.…...
The ego does not have any concept of right or wrong but it understands that an action is good when it achieves the desired end of satisfying the need without harming the id or itself.
The superego
The superego is the last component of personality to develop in a person. Sigmund Freud argues that the superego begins to appear in a person at the age of five years during the phallic stage of psychosocial development. It is the personality aspect that holds all of the internalized moral ideals and standards that a person acquires from both their parents and the society. It provides the person with the sense of right and wrong and provides guidelines upon which a person can make judgment. He argues that the superego has two parts. The first is the ego ideal which includes the standards and rules for good behavior. The ideal is the picture of…...
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References
Bowman, K.M. (1928). Review: The Ego and the Id by Sigmund Freud; Joan Riviere. The American Journal of Psychology, 40(4), 644-645. doi: 10.2307/1414355
Duhamel, D. (1999). Id. Prairie Schooner, 73(4), 70-74. doi: 10.2307/40635307
Fromm, E. (1976). Altered States of Consciousness and Ego Psychology. Social Service Review, 50(4), 557-569. doi: 10.2307/30015411
Smith, M. (1963). Ego Support for the Child Patient. The American Journal of Nursing, 63(10), 90-95. doi: 10.2307/3452890
he ego also understands that submitting to the id can lead to self-destructive behavior. he ego is also subject to "defense mechanisms" that will help it mediate between the id and the super-ego. One defense mechanism present in Bundy's behavior is displacement. Displacement occurs when one directs threatening impulses on a less threatening target. Reports indicate that Bundy directed his attacks on middle-class, white females, between the ages of 15 and 25, many of who were college students. His victims are speculated to have resembled his first girlfriend, "Stephanie Brooks." After his relationship with "Brooks" ended in 1968, Bundy became depressed, dropped out of school, and began traveling east. Bundy had confessed that his first attempted kidnapping occurred in 1969, an indication that the termination of his relationship with "Brooks" may have been the trigger on his serial killing spree.
he super-ego is closely associated with the individual's conscience and…...
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The ego is formed through the interaction and socialization with others. The ego is based on the reality principle and recognizes that other people have needs that also need to be fulfilled. The ego also understands that submitting to the id can lead to self-destructive behavior. The ego is also subject to "defense mechanisms" that will help it mediate between the id and the super-ego. One defense mechanism present in Bundy's behavior is displacement. Displacement occurs when one directs threatening impulses on a less threatening target. Reports indicate that Bundy directed his attacks on middle-class, white females, between the ages of 15 and 25, many of who were college students. His victims are speculated to have resembled his first girlfriend, "Stephanie Brooks." After his relationship with "Brooks" ended in 1968, Bundy became depressed, dropped out of school, and began traveling east. Bundy had confessed that his first attempted kidnapping occurred in 1969, an indication that the termination of his relationship with "Brooks" may have been the trigger on his serial killing spree.
The super-ego is closely associated with the individual's conscience and the ability to distinguish between right and wrong. In Bundy, his sense of right and wrong was corrupted at a young age as his parentage was initially hidden from him by his "parents," who were in fact, his grandparents, and his "sister," who was, in fact, his mother. Bundy made an attempt at appearing normal to society, participating in politics, attending and completing college, and by maintaining a seemingly normal relationship with Elizabeth Kloepfer. But Bundy could not maintain this facade and eventually quit politics, school, and his relationship ended when he went to prison in 1976 for kidnapping. Further deterioration of his super-ego led to his murderous rampages and to the disintegration of his super-ego. It is speculated that serial killers lack the capacity to feel guilt, and therefore are devoid of super-egos.
Bundy was executed on January 24, 1989. He never made a full confession to his crimes, though he confessed to having committed more than 30 crimes, of which only 20 were verified.
Then I realized that I have done the same thing to other people, and I just project my faults onto them. I used to strongly dislike one kid in class because he was really shy and never spoke up, even though he was smart. I used to get frustrated with him and wanted to tell him to be more assertive. Then when I reflected on this kid one day, I realized that when I was in elementary school I was also shy. I still have the tendency to be shy but have worked on it, so projection is a defense mechanism. My projecting my shyness onto other people, I pretend that my own insecurities no longer exist. Now that I have become more self-confident, I end up projecting those same insecurities onto other people.
My ego also uses projection as a defense mechanism in more general ways. For instance when…...
Loevinger's Stages Of Ego Development
Jane Loevinger's Stages of Ego Development
Jane Loevinger's theory about the stages of ego development builds upon Harry Stack Sullivan's earlier theory of ego development stages such as Impulsive, Conformist, Conscientious, and Autonomous. Loevinger's theory is a more complex one, describing how ego organizes and directs the activities of the person as subject. Each development stage, in Loevinger's theory, is characterized by a psychic structure that defines the form in which one's self and others are experienced. In Loevinger's conception, each stage may be classified as preconformist (characterized by needs and immediate gratification), conformist (the stages of acceptance of others), and postconformist (the stages where one is aware of complex individual differences and separateness). The earlier stages characterize children and the latter characterize adults, though adults may express the stages of early development as well (Kirshner, 1988).
Loevinger describes the first stage of ego development as The Presocial…...
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References
Kirshner, L.A. (1988) Implications of Loevinger's Theory of Ego Development for Time-limited Psychotherapy. Psychotherapy, 25(2): 220-226.
Loevinger, J. (1976) Ego Development: Conceptions & Theories. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass Publishers.
Negotiation stands out as an integral component of my day-to-day social interactions. In most cases, I find myself at the center of controversy or in a difficult situation where negotiation is the only option out of it. Nonetheless, my experience has rarely been awesome on a table of discourse that arouses emotions. There are those moments when in the middle of a conversation I simply marched away as I could not put up with the 'crap' from the other party. In addition, despite my strong opposition to the other person's point-of-view, I chose to hang on a little longer and entertain their thought patterns in some cases (Gelfand, & Brett, 2004). Lastly, there are instances, though very few, where I decided to engage the conflicting pattern with the utmost sobriety until we arrive at an amicable solution. All these responses show how I have acted disorderly when confronted with situations…...
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References
Doeden, M. (2012). Conflict resolution smarts: How to communicate, negotiate, compromise, and more. Minneapolis, MN: Twenty-First Century Books.
Gelfand, M.J. & Brett, J.M. Eds. (2004). The Handbook of Negotiation and Culture. Stanford Hendon, D.W., Hendon, R.A. & Herbig, P.A. (2007). Cross-cultural Business Negotiations.
Greenwood Publishing Group
Lum, G. (2011). The negotiation fieldbook: Simple strategies to help you negotiate everything. New York: McGraw-Hill Professional.
go Psychology
LaFond Padykula, N. And Conklin, P. (2010). The self-regulation model of attachment trauma and addiction. Clinical Social Work, 38(4), 351-360.
DOI: 10.1007/s10615-009-0204-6
LaFond Padykula theorized the self-regulation model (SRM) as a means of informing the practice of assessing and treating addiction and attachment trauma. dialectical philosophy John Bowlby[footnoteRef:1] (1988) developed the theory of attachment through his seminal work observing the distress of infants and young children who had been separated from their mothers. Bowlby asserted that attachment was not consciously controlled but was instead hard-wired in humans and many other animals. [1: Bowlby, J. (1988). A secure base: Parent-child attachment and healthy human development. New York, NY: Basic Books.]
The theory builds on and integrates the attachment behavior research by Bowlby, positing addiction as the efforts of an individual to regulate their own attachment in the direction of more normal adaptive behavior. The theoretical foundation for the self-regulation model is multidisciplinary and…...
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Erickson, E.H. (1950). Childhood and Society. New York, NY: Norton.
Erickson contributed to the development of ego psychology beyond the framework that Freud presented in that Erickson attributed the formation of personality to culture and society in addition to sexuality. Erickson's theories consider the ego to be the most important aspect of personality as it can function independently from the id and the superego. Because the ego is an influential and powerful aspect of the personality, it adapts to the presenting situations to promote mental health and appropriate social adaptation. Erickson studied individuals exhibiting normal personality in addition to people who were considered to be neurotic. In this way, Erickson contributed to theory in the fields of normal psychology as well as abnormal psychology.
It is also referred to as luminal stimulus or limen. However the irritability of the population in our case is different, they will react to the slightest provocation of their egos. The isolation formats them to such a sensitive being that they react with very minimum provocation.
(b).
Effectiveness of management of excessive stimulus input- the population in study more often will not know the difference between the general pathogenic influences and the and adverse trauma, they may end up treating the two in similar manner since they are not in a position to manage or put under effective control the stimulus they react to nor the stimuli they send out. This is due to isolation which makes then non-interactive for a long time hence cannot use exposure to others to learn the trick.
Generally isolation due to disruption of the cultural system imposed on a population by poverty can have an…...
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Reference
Bruce et.al, (2000). Neighborhood Poverty and the Social Isolation of Inner-City African
, 2007) Finally, "projective identification involves projecting an affect, impulse, or thought onto someone else as if it were really that other person who originated the affect or impulse" (Drapeau et al., 2007).
Looking at the different defenses used by pedophiles, when compared to those used by the control group, it is easy to see how those defenses would be characterized as immature. The id, the ego, and the superego are considered the three levels of development for the individual psyche. The id is considered the most basic level of the psyche. It is where the libido resides, and it encompasses both constructive and destructive impulses. The ego is often cast as the mediator between the id and reality. It is an organized personality structure, and the ego is where many defense mechanisms are thought to reside. The ego is the id, as modified with direct contact with the outer world…...
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References
Drapeau, M., Beretta, V., de Roten, Y., Koerner, A., & Despland, J. (2007). Defense styles of pedophilic offenders. Int J. Offender Ther Comp Criminol 51: 185-195.
In attempting to become unaware of these attachments is where the "transformation of consciousness" Tolle references begins.
Tolle notes that this attachment goes as far as our own bodies, and in order to find our true selves, we must assert that we are more than our bodies. He notes, "no matter what your body's appearance is on the outer level, beyond the outer form is an intensely alive energy field" (Tolle 35). The realization of this is immeasurably difficult for individuals to wrap their heads around, which leads to the aligning of oneself with the concept of ego and individuality that so many people recognize as their true existence.
Tolle ends the chapter in a manner that is used to describe the means in which some people come to terms with the true existence he speaks of, free of attachment to objects and our false selves. He does this in noting…...
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References
Tolle, Eckhart. A New Earth: Awakening to Your Life's Purpose. London: First Plume
" Emecheta uses metaphors, similes and allusions with appropriate timing and tone in this book, and the image of a puppet certainly brings to mind a person being controlled, manipulated, made to comply instantly with any movement of the controlling hand. In this case Ego seems at the end of her rope -- the puppet has fallen nearly to the floor and is dangling helplessly.
The Emecheta images and metaphors are sometimes obvious, as this one is, but always effective. The reader is clearly aware of Ego's initial identity, and Ego's swift feet of lightness and intensity running in the misty darkness, presents a fluid sensation -- a hoped for escape. She is running towards a new identity and when she hits the gravel road the color is of blood and water and she runs like this will be her duty forever, like someone is following her. The image of anyone…...
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Works Cited
Derrickson, Teresa. "Class, Culture, and the Colonial Context: the Status of Women in Buchi Emecheta's The Joys of Motherhood. International Fiction Review 29.12 (2002):
40-51.
Emecheta, Buchi. The Joys of Motherhood. Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann, 1994.
Fishburn, Katherine. Reading Buchi Emecheta: Cross-Cultural Conversations. Santa Barbara,
This mythical structure has a long history in terms of mythical and visionary experience in all cultures of the world. One could also refer to the earliest Shamanic forms of religion and the myth of the dismembered Shaman who is also the transformed healer of others. In these myths the journey to the underworld, and the process of the destruction of the old self or ego does not result in final death but in transformation and greater insight into reality.
Therefore, taking the above brief sketch of the significance of this mythical structure into account we can apply it to a Jungian analysis of the ego.
When Inanna descends to the Underworld she divests herself of her previous life and this is symbolized by the way that she throws off the accouterments and symbols of her previous existence. When she enters the realm of the dead she can only do so…...
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References
Ewen Robert B. ( 1998) An Introduction to Theories of Personality. 5th ed. Mahwah, NJ:
Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Henderson, J.L., & Oakes, M. (1963). The Wisdom of the Serpent: The Myths of Death, Rebirth and Resurrection. New York: George Braziller. Retrieved April 5, 2010, from Questia database: http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=24109155
Furthermore, that voice in the back of one's head is the true self, and it is critical for each individual to understand that voice and listen to that voice.
So much of chapter three focuses on the negative impact of the ego on humanity that it can be very difficult to focus on any of the positive aspects of the human condition. However, Tolle eventually stresses the importance of moving beyond ego. He describes ego as being very limiting, so that, with the ego one is reduced to less than the total of a person. The "I," rather than being a descriptor of a whole human being, allows someone to reduce their identification to a set of statuses: gender, possessions, jobs, social roles, and other similar statuses that needlessly limit a person. He considers this type of ego-linked focus as way of preventing people from being able to accept the…...
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Works Cited
Gilbert, Jack. "A Brief for the Defense." The Poetry Center at Smith College. N.p. 2005. Web.
9 Oct. 2011.
Tolle, Eckart. "The Core of Ego." A New Earth: Awakening to Your Life's Purpose. New York: Penguin Group, 2005. 59-84. Print.
This leads one to believe that they are not very well off financially and the mother has not real education in order to obtain employment since she is currently attaining administrative assistant training. Antonio also has issues with controlling his behavior when in the daycare environment, as he frequently has violent outbursts and crying spells.
If one were to assess Antonio from an Eco-Feminist perspective one would be better able to understand Antonio and his present behavior. Ecofeminism is the social movement that regards the domination of women and nature as unified. It is one of the few movements and analyses that in fact connect the two movements. Lately, ecofeminist theorists have extended their analyses to reflect on the interconnections flanked by sexism, the domination of nature, and also racism and social dissimilarities (What is Ecofeminism, n.d.). Daniel spent a lot of time suppressing Hilda in his behavior that he…...
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References
"Neil Adger on Social Resilience." (2010). Retrieved December 2, 2010, from Ecological
The five distributive bargaining methods (recognize the situation, set a reservation price, use bracketing, use common social norms, and learn the role of framing) can be found here: http://www.prenhall.com/behindthebook/0131868667/pdf/CarrellCh03final.pdf
To buy a house, you would use these to first realize that a house purchase is something that is generally open to negotiation. Very few people who sell their homes aren't willing to negotiate the price or other terms. Before you make an offer, determine a price you're willing to pay - and one you will not go above, even by a penny. Then, start with a price (offer) below that amount.....
Homeless affects a community in a number of ways, including social, economic, interpersonal, and intrapersonal. Socially, there is a stigma associated with homelessness that implies the person is mentally ill, a drug addict, or an alcoholic. While a number of the homeless population do fall into one of these categories, there are other reasons for homelessness. It is also hard on the economy, because these people don't contribute financially to society. There is a cost to feeding them and allowing them shelter, and that cost can be a lot for a community to handle. Homeless people struggle in interpersonal and....
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