Protein Localization
The Golgi apparatus plays a key function in cellular functions such as protein modification and vesicle transport. It has a membranous structure that aids in protein targeting through trafficking mechanisms. Proteins pass via the secretory pathway to allow targeting to the endoplasmic reticulum. At Golgi, proteins are retained because of the nature of the membrane thickness and how they interact with other proteins. Protein targeting needs specific signal sequencing to facilitate localization. For instance, the nuclear localization sequence (NLS) contains 4-8 amino acids, with lysine and arginine forming the residue parts. The sequencing is also mediated through the N-terminus characterized by positive charges (Lu et al., 2021).
The proposed experiment to examine protein localization involves using altORF peptide that integrates 37 amino acids that are localized to the Golgi apparatus. In this localization, the altORF starts the upstream reactions with unique frames. A sequence is established with the N-terminal GFP, contrasting the events of CENP-R protein, which is characterized by mitosis...
There is also protein localization when altORF interacts with the C-terminus. This experiment hypothesizes localization through the Golgi apparatus or the endoplasmic reticulum. The anti-KDEL antibody is used together with the Golgi to test this effect. The test shows no localization of the altORF peptide with the endoplasmic reticulum, which eliminates the possibility of the localization happening in the reticulum. A test with the Golgi apparatus records a positive interaction. The altORF localizes...…compatibility effects. The process of assembling and absorption also has significant effects on defining the characteristics associated with proteins (Gallagher et al., 2004; Blobel & Dobberstein, 1975).Psalms 139 reveals God's infinite knowledge and omniscience. Protein localization and sequencing show unique characteristics whose combination resonates with God's creation. While protein localization experiments are associated with some hypotheses that must be proven through tests, God's design is accurate and has every cell in perfect positioning. More specifically, the double helix design. The genetic uniqueness depicted during creation also depicts how proteins are localized using a specific genome sequence. An even more exciting aspect is how the body organs form and begin to function from the fertilized egg to the shaping of limbs.…
References
Blobel, G., & Dobberstein, B. (1975). Transfer of proteins across membranes. I. Presence of proteolytically processed and unprocessed nascent immunoglobulin light chains on membrane-bound ribosomes of murine myeloma. Journal of Cell Biology, 67(3), 835–851. https://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.67.3.835Gallagher, J. W., Weinberg, R. B., & Shelness, G. S. (2004). APOA-IV tagged with the ER retention signal kdel perturbs the intracellular trafficking and secretion of Apob. Journal of Lipid Research, 45(10), 1826–1834. https://doi.org/10.1194/jlr.m400188-jlr200
Imai, K., & Nakai, K. (2020). Tools for the recognition of sorting signals and the prediction of subcellular localization of proteins from their amino acid sequences. Frontiers in Genetics, 11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2020.607812
Lu, J., Wu, T., Zhang, B., Liu, S., Song, W., Qiao, J., & Ruan, H. (2021). Types of nuclear localization signals and mechanisms of protein import into the nucleus. Cell Communication and Signaling, 19(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12964-021-00741-y
Navarro, A. P., & Cheeseman, I. M. (2020). Identification of a golgi-localized peptide reveals a minimal golgi targeting motif. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.12.13.422530
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