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Do Grades Really Matter Or Is Grading Flawed Annotated Bibliography

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Belavy, Daniel L., Patrick J. Owen, and Patricia M. Livingston. "Do successful PhD outcomes

reflect the research environment rather than academic ability?." PLoS One 15.8 (2020): e0236327.

In the study by Belavy, Owen, and Livingston, the authors sought to understand the factors that contribute to successful PhD outcomes by questioning the role of the research environment and academic ability. They conducted a comprehensive analysis, considering variables such as the quality of supervision, available resources, collaboration opportunities, and the overall research culture within the institution.

The study found that a supportive research environment and quality supervision played crucial roles in determining successful PhD outcomes. A supportive research environment can be characterized by factors such as positive mentorship, availability of resources, collaboration opportunities with peers and other researchers, and a healthy work-life balance. These factors can enhance motivation, reduce stress, and provide the necessary resources and guidance to navigate the challenges of a PhD program.

LeBlanc, Paul. Students First: Equity, Access, and Opportunity in Higher Education. Harvard

Education Press, 2021.

In this book, Paul LeBlanc discusses the importance of equity, access, and opportunity in higher education. He argues that by prioritizing these principles, higher education institutions can better serve a diverse population of...

Some points made are that by focusing on equity, institutions can work to create inclusive learning environments where all students feel supported and empowered to achieve their academic goals. Also, by increasing access, higher education...
…Mzomwe, Calkin Suero Montero, and Casmir Respickius Olifage. "Investigating

students' attitude towards learning mathematics." (2019).

This study examines students' attitudes towards learning mathematics and their impact on academic performance. The authors found that positive attitudes towards math are associated with better performance, emphasizing the importance of cultivating a supportive learning environment to foster these attitudes.

Reynolds, Cecil R., Robert A. Altmann, and Daniel N. Allen. "The problem of bias in

psychological assessment." Mastering Modern Psychological Testing: Theory and Methods. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. 573-613.

In this book chapter, Reynolds, Altmann, and Allen address the issue of bias in psychological assessment. They discuss various sources of bias, their potential impact on test results, and how to minimize these biases in order to ensure fair and accurate assessments.…

Sources used in this document:

Sources of bias: The authors identify several sources of bias in psychological assessments, including test content, test administration, and test scoring. For instance, test items may be culturally biased, favoring certain groups or assuming familiarity with specific cultural knowledge or experiences. Likewise, the manner in which a test is administered, including the setting, instructions, or rapport between the examiner and test-taker, may introduce bias. Finally, subjective scoring, lack of standardized procedures, or cultural misunderstandings can lead to biased interpretations of test results.

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