Academic Performance Essays (Examples)

Students' Emotional Issues That Interfere with Academic Performance in K-12 Public Schools

Classroom settings are emotion-filled areas of learning for children; for instance, children may experience excitement to learn a new lesson, anxiety and hope when awaiting test results, pride when faced with success, surprise upon finding a novel solution, shame for academic failure, or boredom in the course of lessons. Further, social emotions such as rage, understanding, appreciation, disdain, or jealousy directed at fellow students and educators also have a part to play within classroom settings (LEE & SHUTE, 2010). Lastly, children may bring home and community events-related emotions to school, which can, despite being external to classroom settings, strongly impact their learning experiences, including emotional havoc wrecked by familial stress.

All emotions are able to significantly impact pupil instruction and academic success. Emotions facilitate student attentiveness or contribute to inattentiveness, impact their drive to learn, change their learning…

Teacher Expectations Influence Student Academic Performance

Although every classroom setting is unique, young learners in particular share the need to "learn how to learn" in a group setting that can be overcrowded and disruptive. To help address these challenging needs, studies have shown that the expectations that teachers establish can help provide the framework needed to manage classrooms and provide students with an environment that is safe and conducive to learning. To gain some further insights into how these expectations influence student academic performance, this paper describes five such teacher expectations that can positively influence student academic achievement. These expectations include completing class and homework in a timely fashion in order to earn passing scores, developing positive communication skills, refraining from disruptive or violent behaviors, coming to class on time and developing the critical thinking and assertiveness skills they will need to compete in the future. Following this review, a…

Determinants of Sleep Quality in College StudentsReference: Feifei Wang, va Br, (2021) Determinants of sleep quality in college students: A literature review, Explore, Volume 17, Issue 2, 2021,Pages 170-177, ISSN 1550-8307, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.explore.2020.11.003. (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1550830720303736)Overview: This academic article looks to detail the common element of sleep quality within college students. Here, the authors leverage a variety of academic sources such as PubMed, Web of Science, and other library databases to examine sleep quality factors and outcomes for college students. The authors classified roughly 110 studies into determinates that impacted sleep quality. Here the authors coded each research article within the three databases. They were then separated into several categories based on their risk factors. A snippet of the consideration criteria is listed belowFigure 1From the review of the academic literature, the authors found that sleep quality is a large contributor to academic outcomes for students. Interestingly the authors found that caffeine and…

Drug Use as a Leading Cause of Poor Academic Performance among College Students
Introduction
There are a wide range of factors that negatively impact the academic performance of college students. Some of the factors that have been routinely mentioned on this front include, but they are not limited to: failure to attend classes, inattentiveness in class, job-related stress, depression and anxiety (i.e. as a consequence of familial/marital problems), etc. One factor that has in the recent past received significant attention in as far as its impact on the academic performance of college students is concerned is drug/substance abuse.
Discussion
From the onset, it is important to note that according to the World Health Organization – WHO, drug/substance abuse could be defined as “the harmful or hazardous use of psychoactive substances, including alcohol and illicit drugs.” For most young adults, college happens to be a period where they learn and experiment…

decline in academic performance by American students has been of increasing concern for some time now, leading to a great deal of government, societal, and media attention and debate. While many resolutions have been taken and implemented over the years, the latest attempt to redress the situation has been in the form of a proposal by the Bush administration to improve the educational system by rating schools with national tests. In an article titled Reforming Schools through a Federal Test for College Aid, Robert J. Samuelson, a reputed freelance writer on socio-economic issues for prestigious publications such as The Washington Post and Newsweek, questions whether the solutions tried so far are appropriate and indeed, whether the real problem has been understood at all!

In his review of the issue of poor academic performance, Samuelson suggests that the real problem with American education lies in the fact that "...our students don't…

Academic burnout is a serious issue that affects a wide range of students each year (Honicke & Broadbent, 2016; Luo, Wang, Zhang, Chen & Quan, 2016; Rahmati, 2015). However, as numerous researchers show, the development and acquisition of self-esteem by students can actually help to alleviate stress and increase one’s academic performance (Arshad, Zaidi & Mahmood; 2015; Fernández González, González Hernández & Trianes Torres, 2015). Self-esteem is defined as confidence in oneself and in one’s self-worth or value, and it is similar to the concept of self-efficacy, which is a belief in one’s ability to succeed at certain tasks (Arshad et al., 2015; Rahmati, 2015). What researchers have shown is that the more self-efficacy or self-esteem a student possesses, the more likely that student is to succeed academically (Arshad et al., 2015; Honicke & Broadbent, 2016; Rahmati, 2015). The reason for this is that students who esteem themselves highly and…

Student Body Size on School Costs and Academic Performance in Mississippi High Schools

One of the most heated point of contention within school districts currently is the variable effects of school size, school funding and student performance. There are costs and benefits associated with school size and especially class size and those issues effect school funding, as it is largely accepted that less schools, therefore larger schools equals less cost overall. Yet, the concern in any district is the trade off associated with increasing the size of the student body and therefore almost assuredly increasing the class size and the student to teacher ratio.

The decade of the 1980s saw a massive effort on the part of state governments to reform their educational systems. Although most efforts such as decreasing student-teacher ratios or increasing teacher salaries had little impact on student performance, three variables that are under the control of…

Preventing College Students from Drug Usage
Solutions
Prevention of substance abuse in college is frequently discussed and researched and this makes it vital that many colleges implement multiple preventive strategies to determine the one that works. The first one is the education of college students on the impact of drugs and their academic performance. Students must be informed of the negative effects that drug use has on their body and their academic performance (Abelman 4). This will assist the students to make informed decisions about their drug consumption. The college should have drug prevention programs that are targeted towards new college students and those who are most prone to drug abuse (Califano 1). These programs will demonstrate to the college students the negative effects of drug use not only on their academic performance but also on their lives as well (Abelman 5). While it might seem the programs are scaring…

Impact of Culturally Relevant Teaching on Literacy Development of African American Students in Urban Education
Research Proposal and Annotated Bibliography
Introduction
Educational programs across the country have been characterized by reforms that seek to enhance student outcomes. Reform initiatives have contributed to the development of various educational interventions and programs. One of the interventions that have emerged as a crucial component to enhance student outcomes is culturally-relevant teaching. The inclusion of aspects of the students’ cultural environment in the arrangement and instruction of the classroom is considered essential in today’s learning environment (Ladson-Billings, 1995). According to Byrd (2016), culturally relevant teaching is a potent intervention and strategy for lessening achievement gaps and improving student engagement and achievement. Despite the significance of this teaching strategy, African-American students are still disproportionately assigned to educational opportunities in special and general education classrooms. Consequently, the academic outcomes of these students are significantly lower than…

I am writing this appeal with the main purpose of explaining the circumstances that influenced my academic performance. At the outset, please consider the trying conditions under which I completed the academic work, rather than as an excuse for the dismal grades.

I had a very challenging time in the preceding semester, and as a result, my grades suffered. My mother, a sickle cell patient became very ill in the middle of the first semester, which sadly led to her demise. Whilst my mother was ill, I found it very difficult to find ample time to work. I was forced to take breaks and head home during the weekend, and during school days to make certain that my siblings were taken care of in terms of meals and clean clothing. I had to attend home routines and domestic tasks. These forced undertakings left me with little time for studying and…

Parent Involvement and Student Academic Performance: A Multiple Mediational Analysis

David R. Topor, Susan P. Keane, Terri L. Shelton, and Susan D. Calkins

Numerous studies have shown a clear positive relationship between the involvement of a parent in a child's education, and the academic performance of the child. This particular study seeks to explore the mechanisms of the said association. On that front, only two potential mechanisms are taken into consideration. These, according to the authors, include; 1) the quality of the relationship between the teacher and the student, and 2) the child's perception of cognitive competence. A total of one hundred and fifty eight 7-year-olds participated in this study. The sample also included their teachers and mothers. It is important to note that data was in this case sourced from three key centers; the child, their mothers, and teachers -- with the gathering of data from the first two…

Types of Parental Involvement and Support that Boost Young Children’s Academic Performance
Introduction
That there is a link between parental support and involvement and students performance is almost incontrovertible. Many studies agree to this and statistical data reveals that most researchers have the same thoughts on the matter (Jeynes, 2015; Wilder, 2013). However, it is not clear as to which kinds of parental involvement and support are effective for which ages and the types of academic performance they affect. This research seeks to find out the kind of parental support and involvement that is efficacious for good student achievement for children who are in grades 3 and 7.
Background and Significance
Studies have persistently revealed that there’s an almost incontestable link between the involvement and support of parents and student achievement. In fact, meta-analyses suggest that parental participation and help affect children’s academic performance across different ages and ethnic groups…

Academic Profile of Home Schooling - a Case Study

Home Schooling vs. Traditional Educational Methods

Home Schooling Methodology

Focus of the Practicum

Culture

Area of Inquiry

Subject/Topic Areas

Home Schooling as an Alternative

Curricula and Materials Used for Home Schooling

The Success of Home Schooling

Evaluation Design

Conditions for Change

Timeline

Chronology

Legislative Information:

Maryland: A Legal Analysis

State Laws and Regulations - Maryland

Goulart and Travers vs. Calvert County

Home-schooled Kids Find Social Growth"

Home Schoolers in the Trenches"

Home School Academic Advantage Increases Over Time"

Home Schooling." ERIC Digest, Number 95.

Abstract

The Academic Profile of Home Schoolers

Case Study

The focus of this applied dissertation proposal is to examine and analyze home school families' academic environment, the institutional materials they use, and to gain an understanding of their academic success.

Prince George's County Public School System is the nineteenth largest school system in the nation with a…

Academic Strategies for the Business Professional

Two-digit Section #:

Instructions: Download this document to your computer before filling it out. Save using "Save As" and add your name to the front removing the phrase "YourName." All of the gray boxes below should be appropriately filled in and the document saved again before submitting to the Unit 6 Dropbox.

Paragraph Writing

My mother has, and continues to have, an enormous impact in my life. My family has not had the smoothest of runs, but all through, mum has managed to demonstrate calmness, contentment, peace, integrity, empathy, perseverance, and compassion even in the face of enormous life challenges. She has always maintained an open mind, an open heart, humor, and joy even when she's going through the toughest of challenges; and even when it does not seem okay, she still wears a smile, and says 'it will be okay'. To her, this…

performance feedback methods that seek to present employees with an opportunity to receive feedback (with regard to their performance) from not only their supervisors but also from customers, co-workers, and peers. One of the key advantages of this performance appraisal system has got to do with its ability to allow for full participation. It also gives a variety of perspectives with regard to the performance of an individual. It is however important to note that in this case, feedback from the concerned sources could end up being somewhat overwhelming. A 360-degree feedback system could result in confusion and/or frustration. This is particularly the case given that there is always a chance of there being conflicting ratings.

Question 2

For a number of reasons, evaluations may encounter significant opposition from those being evaluated. Training acquaints those conducting performance evaluations with not only the common reasons for the said opposition but also…

Academic Outcomes of Children With ADHD

ADHD Literature eview

Improving the Academic Outcomes of Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

Improving the Academic Outcomes of Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

According to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) (2014) Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental condition recognizable by attention deficits, hyperactivity, and impulsivity that manifest across multiple settings. The most recent version of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM-V) describes ADHD as consisting of inattention, and/or hyperactivity/impulsivity, severe enough to interfere with day-to-day functioning and development. Common symptoms of inattention include poor listening skills, frequent mistakes, disorganized, avoidance of mentally challenging tasks, distracted, and forgetful. Hyperactivity/impulsivity symptoms include fidgeting, inappropriate physical activity, excessive talking, interrupting others, and an inability to play quietly. Children suffering from ADHD would therefore have a difficult time succeeding academically.

If ADHD were rare this would not be a significant…

This was accomplished by: breaking down into small teams and having everyone work directly with some of the top executives at the firm (i.e. Steve Jobs). This created an atmosphere that encouraged employees to discuss their ideas and the impact they are having on consumers. It is at this point, that Apple was able to integrate these different ideas into their performance evaluation procedures. (Stone 38 -- 40) (Snell 143 -- 179)

Conclusion

Clearly, the performance evaluation system that Apple is using is helping the firm to attract and retain the best employees. This is because there is a focus on ensuring that all candidates for a position meet: the basic educational and experience qualifications. During the next stage, is when they will be subject to: a series of interviews, a practical exam and other criteria. This allows the company to decide which individuals would be the best choice for…

Performance-Based Standards

Accreditation plan for the American Correctional Association

The accreditation of the correctional facilities is aimed at ensuring the well-being of the inmates but also is targeted at benefiting the employees, the victims, the courts as well as the legislators of a state. The standards that are set do allow the protection of the judicial system from embarrassment as well as allowing the correctional institutions to have and retain the autonomy from outside interventions.

Goals and functions of functional areas

Safety; this involves provision of conditions that are humane, protection of the inmates from rape and possible assault, giving of nutritious food as well as medical care, giving the inmates a hygienic living environment and recreation activities. This will ensure the inmates are safe from ill health or physical harm while within the walls of the facility as well as being safe from abusive guards.

Security; this functional are…

A survey will be developed as a part of implementation of the BSC system in this hospital to track customer satisfaction with the services that they receive here.

A positive image of the organization translates into repeat business and a more positive reputation in the neighborhood, Patient satisfaction translates into increased future revenues. It also has some positive impact on risk assessment as well. The more satisfied the customer is, the less likely they will file an adverse lawsuit against the hospital. Patient satisfaction has a direct impact on the profitability of the organization. The number of complains that the facility receives can also be an important measure of the overall customer satisfaction. However, this number alone may not tell the entire story. A customer survey is the best method for addressing overall satisfaction with the facility.

Patient involvement was another important indicator of BSC technologies. Patient involvement means providing…

Athletics and Academics

In the current economic climate of the United States, public institutions are finding themselves having to make harsher and harsher budget cuts. Teaching positions are minimized, class sizes are increased, and fees are rising to nearly unaffordable regions. The English Department at a certain university or high school may drop from twenty-five professors to a dozen or so. It is the harsh reality of living in an era of economic downturn. However, even as the college school would lose more and more financial assistance from the government, athletic programs at schools continue to expand and provide more and more incentives for prospective recruits. This is symptomatic of a flawed philosophy in college institutions: the ability to perform athletic skills has more importance than the ability to think. This perspective not only jades the graduating classes but teaches the wrong principles for when a student needs to learn…

(p. 88) Boys and girls also respond differently to stress, threat and confrontation, as girls are more likely to shy away from confrontation while boys seem to at times be motivated by it. (p. 88-89) Lastly, one of the most important issues of gender differences that effect education is in relation to social interactive differences, boys feel less of a need to connect with others in a social way while girls are driven by friendships and social engagement. In school this fact effects relationships with teachers and others to such a degree that it challenges their ability to learn in the current system, yet this is not something that should be altered the system needs to be altered to meet this different need. (p. 84) (Lundy & Firebaugh, 2005, p. 233) one suggestion, easily implemented that will alter the dynamic of the success of boys in a situation where peer…

social modeling and academic self-Efficacy: The moderating role of academic motivation.

Within the learning environment, the student is required to engage in variant levels of personal responsibility to ensure success. Academic self-efficacy consequently is an important consideration for the improvement of student performance at multiple levels. This study considers the relationship between social modeling and academic self-efficacy. This relationship is moderated by academic motivation. Using an experimental design a sample of 100 undergraduate students were exposed to the treatment. The data were collected using questionnaires using the Academic Motivation Scale (AMS) and the College Academic Self-Efficacy Scale (CASES). t is anticipated that the students who received the treatment will demonstrate significantly higher levels of self-efficacy. Additionally, students who were intrinsically motivated demonstrated significantly higher levels of self-efficacy. The learning experience therefore requires an understanding of what is occurring within the mind of the student. Personal factors are critical to improving…

Teaching
Responsive Pedagogy, Dialogue and Leadership the Key to Academic Success
Public schools in the US comprise of students hailing from diverse racial, cultural and economic backgrounds (Pehmer et.al, 2015). While certain pupils belong to poor households, just as many come from affluent backgrounds. According to an ethnic/racial survey performed in 1995, the racial composition of Oak View School located in California’s Huntington Beach and having a 609-strong student population was: 529 Hispanics, 14 Whites, 1 Black, 1 Filipino, 1 Asian, and 1 Pacific Islander. Considering the rich cultural diversity of public schools in present-day urban America, it is vital that school districts and teachers come up with innovative means of working with students hailing from diverse cultural backgrounds, as it is critical to ensuring educational equality and quality for all (Sleeter $ Milner 2011).
Further, the need to improve teaching within a large number of urban schools may be…

Children with autism can be hard to assess. Many children who fall under the criteria needed to determine autism, may be in fact be socially awkward, shy, among other things. As the CDC websites explains: "Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a developmental disability caused by differences in the brain" (CDC, 2014). Some have even identified a gene that could play a role in the development of autism. This however does not speak for the majority of children diagnoses with autism so therefore other assessment tools as well identification methods must be used to determine whether a child has autism.

"A diagnosis of ASD now includes several conditions that used to be diagnosed separately: autistic disorder, pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified (PDD-NOS), and Asperger syndrome. These conditions are now all called autism spectrum disorder" (CDC, 2014). Along with the new guidelines for proper diagnosis comes a set of identification methods…

technology on the educational performance and behavior of elementary age students. It analyzes how technology motivates children to learn in general, the effects of technology in the classroom on children's interest in the curricula, and how computer activities might improve students' attention spans.

A review of relevant literature on this topic helps establish the context for understanding the main questions. However, since much of the technology used in elementary schools is relatively new, or newly available, current research will be valuable to ascertain how new technological inventions can help or hinder student academic growth. In addition, much of the previous research focuses on older children, rather than on elementary school children.

The research methods employ both quantitative tests and qualitative interviews to gather data from three schools (two public and one private) in the same geographical area, with teachers of similar backgrounds. Through formal and informal interviews of teachers, parents,…

Technology to Improve Behavior and Performance in an Elementary Classroom

The role of teachers in a child's education has fundamentally changed. Instruction isn't primarily lecturing to students who sit in rows at desks dutifully listening and recording what they hear but offer each and every child a rich, rewarding and unique learning experience." (Lanier, 1997). Because of revolutions in knowledge and information technology and the demand for learning to be more meaningful and lifelong, schools are changing their structures and teachers are changing with them. Teachers' roles now embrace relating to their students more personally and individually; to integrate social, emotional and intellectual growth. Teachers are now tuning more into how students learn, prompted recently by Howard Gardner's theory of Multiple Intelligences, and so have had to improve on and add to their instruction methods.

In order to make students more interested in learning, teachers are adding project-based and/or participatory…

Interaction between SES and College Performance

wick, R. & Himelfarb, I. (2011). The effect of high school socioeconomic status on the predictive validity of SAT scores and high school grade-point average. Journal of Educational Measurement, 48(2), 101-121.

African-American (AA) and Latino students underperform other racial groups during their first year of college if SAT scores are used in the prediction formula. The reasons for this are unknown, although socioeconomic status (SES) is suspected.

The current study was undertaken to evaluate whether an SES index could improve the predictive performance of a formula incorporating high school grade-point averages (HSGPAs) and SAT scores.

Objectives

Evaluate the value of including a SES correction factor in the formula used for predicting first-year college grade-point average (FGPA) performance, for the purpose of correcting for errors introduced by the suspected racially-insensitive HSGPAs. The predictive value of the SAT score in relation to SES will also be…

Sexual harassment is one of the most common forms of gender-based discrimination that has spread in the recent past despite its impact on victims with regards to depriving them equality and dignity. Generally, sexual harassment involves sexual discrimination that infringes civil rights through unwanted sexual advances, verbal or physical sexual conduct, and requests for sexual favors in a manner that affects a person's work performance or social relations. The victims of this form of gender-discrimination and crime usually feel powerless and have low self-esteem because its most common injuries are emotional. The prevalence of this crime is evident in its current spread in the education environment as well as other workplaces.

Actions Constituting Sexual Harassment in the Education Environment

Given its current spread, sexual harassment has become common in the modern education environment. Similar to other workplaces, sexual harassment in the education environment occurs between teachers and their employers. However,…

Auditoy Leaning Types

Accoding to Leanativity.com (2002), thee is inceasing evidence that auditoy leanes can be distinguished accoding to two types, the listenes, and the vebal pocessos. Both types pefe spoken messages, but the way in which they pocess this infomation best is distinct fom each othe. It has been indicated that auditoy leanes pefe to listen and to speak. Howeve, it is becoming inceasingly clea that not all auditoy leanes pefe to speak, and that some benefit moe fom listening and mentally pocessing infomation than fom also epoducing by speech of thei own. This goup of auditoy leanes ae geneally efeed to as "listenes."

In a classoom situation, the auditoy-vebal pocesso -- the leane who needs to speak aloud about the infomation -- has been somewhat misundestood in the past. They wee geneally peceived to be disuptive and disobedient. The cuent undestanding of auditoy-vebal pocessing has howeve bought a…

In addition to that, the libraries also had to launch various training programs in order to ensure that their employees possess the appropriate skills that are being required by the operations and activities of the organization. (Foo, Chaudry, Majid & Logan, 2002)

Changing Demands of Users

Due to a significant change in the academic environment, an ever increasing emphasis was laid down on group work and self-study. The students, therefore, started looking for online information in the academic libraries. The libraries faced a challenge of increased consumer demand and had to work on customer services and proper and timely availability of information. The libraries needed to provide the consumers with user friendly services. They also had to analyze the changes in consumer demands and had to provide the services that best fit the requirements of changing academic world. (Maponya, 2004)

Conclusion

The academic libraries are an important component and information…

The Extent to Which Motivation Theory Underpins Performance Management Systems

Performance Management Systems attempt to answer questions about employee work objectives and their overall role within an organization. The performance manager system is designed to assist the manager in developing, assessing and monitoring a plan by which an employee’s contributions to the organizational strategy and strategic objective are identified, measured and reviewed. The questions that the Performance Management System will are: What is the role of the employee? What is the objective of the employee? How well is the employee meeting the objective? What could be done to help the employee meet the objective more effectively? In encouraging employees to reach their goals, motivation theory can be seen as underpinning performance management systems to a high extent.

Motivation theory is based on the concept developed by Abraham Maslow (1943) in “A Theory of Human Motivation.” Maslow (1943) constructed a Hierarchy…

Performance

Disruptive behavior impacts students' ability to learn. In both the regular and special education classrooms, teachers must manage disruptive behavior and help students stay on task. It is especially critical with reading instruction in the beginning of a student's academic career. Struggling readers, without intervention, often struggle throughout their school years. Peer-assisted learning strategies (PALS) have been shown to be effective in keeping students on task and thus enabling them to achieve more success.

Special Education Standard 5 states: "The special education teacher understands and applies knowledge of procedures for planning instruction and managing teaching and learning environments. Students do not always come to school ready and willing to learn. When students are disruptive, they compound other learning issues they may have. As Lerner and Johns (2009, in Haydon et al., 2010, p. 222) point out, students with mild to moderate learning and behavior challenges do not do as…

Quality Performance Measurement

Public Evaluation Program

In this paper, we are going to be conducting a literature review of public evaluation programs. During the process, there is a focus on misunderstanding the needs of stakeholders and the programs / reforms. Together, these elements will illustrate the overall scope of what is taking place and the long-term effects it is having on everyone.

Misunderstanding the Needs of the Public

One of the biggest challenges with any public performance evaluation is the misuse of data. This is problematic, as officials believe they are effectively delivering a variety of services for a fraction of the costs. Yet, in reality, the lack of competition invites bloated salaries and inefficiency. Administrators will try to correct the situation, through looking at a variety of sources to understand what is happen. They are unable, to gain greater insights, as politics and changing attitudes influence the outcome of…

Performance Assessment in Competitive Intelligence: An exploration, synthesis and research agenda, written by David Blenkhorn from ilfred Laurier University and Craig Fleisher from indsor University. The purpose of the article is to "answer the vital question -- hat are the critical factors to assess competitive intelligence (CI) performance?" The research question refers to the role that competitive intelligence plays in a company's profitability. The question is interesting in that external environmental scanning and competitor research make important contributions to strategic decision-making, but they can be costly and time-consuming. Understanding the role that CI plays in the earning profit is important in determining the point at which CI achieves diminishing returns on investment.

The authors used workshops and discussion sessions at CI conference to obtain survey results from 103 respondents. The selection process was expedient rather than rigorous, and the respondents were given a large number of questions. Qualitative analysis was…

esearchers conducted an experiment in which twelve individuals were asked to remember a series of nouns. One group was asked to detect the letter "a" in a series of nouns. The other group was asked to label the various nouns as living or non-living. The authors concluded that the group which was told to allocate a living or non-living label to the various nouns had a much success in the recall rates than the group told to look for the letter "a," which held much less meaning in the minds of the individuals. Analysis of brain imagery also shows increased brain activity in the minds of those individuals asked to denote the nouns as living or non-living. This activity was located within the left inferior prefrontal cortex.

The article "Levels of processing: A view from functional brain imaging" later backs up this study. The author, Lars Nyberg, restates the earlier…

However, as Murphy (2008) notes, these original scores, and the weightings, are given by biased humans who may have another agenda than simply giving the most accurate appraisal possible. In addition, there is also the question about whether a truly accurate (when negative) appraisal is the best course of action due to the possible negative consequences.

Management by Objectives (MBO)

Sudarsan (2009) surmises that, in the past, researchers have concluded that there are primarily three approaches to performance appraisals. The first approach -- the results focused approach -- is centered on determining whether a specific job has been performed or not. If these performance targets are met or exceeded, the employee is rewarded. The second approach -- the behavioral approach -- focuses on employee behavior. The actual output of the employee is ignored, but instead the methods the employee is using is evaluated. This approach has the benefit of being…

Contrary to popular belief, improved performance by employees in a particular organization is not always linked to incentives; in today's dynamic business environment, it is crucial for human resource managers to balance the needs of individuals with those of the organization. One critical component that leads to good individual as well as organizational performance is the application of an effective performance management process. In fact, companies that invest in good performance management practices generally perform better than those that do not measure and manage their performance (Leeuw and Berg, 2010). According to Cardy and Leonard (2011), performance management can be defined as the integrated and strategic approach used by human resource managers to deliver successful results by improving the performance of all the individuals in the organization. It ensures that the goals of an organization are achieved in an efficient and effective manner, while at the same time maintaining good…

Therapist Name: Case Name/#:

Reason for Referral:

The client is an eight-year-old female who may not have be making adequate academic progress consistent with her age and grade level. She is currently in the third grade. The client was assessed over two sessions.

Presenting Problems:

Clinical concerns: Difficulty in school/with academic progress.

Clinical concerns: Possible learning disability.

Clinical concerns: Reading difficulties.

Clinical concerns: Client potentially not motivated to perform in class.

Clinical concerns: Rule out depression and/or anxiety.

Family

Jailah was born on September 11, 2007. Jailah is the third child and a sibship of five. According to her mother Jailah is of Hispanic and African-American descent. Her native language is English.

With respect to her family Jailah has three sisters ages 16 years old, 14 years old, and five years old. She also has a younger brother age seven years old. The children the family have three different fathers.…

structure' theories by making use of a new method. To achieve this, the case study shapes strategies of bond investment centered on diverse term-structure models to decide the best performing strategy. When making use of a "Manipulation-Proof Performance Measure," the case study attains the finding that in agreement with preceding literature, a pro-active method that is grounded on time-changing term premiums may create the foundation of an effective bond strategy, which outdoes an impartial anticipation inspired passive bond "buy and hold" tactic. Nonetheless, this turns out to be accurate for a previous spell when the literature primarily made this assertion. Later on, the study discovers that the passive "buy and hold" method is considerably superior in comparison to all active bond strategies. Generally, it seems that the impartial expectation model has been the most probable justification of the behavior of the term structure for the duration of more current periods.…

Supply Chain Management Study eview

Singhry (2015) identifies a number of issues that affect supply chain management effectiveness. This identification serves as the problem or gap in literature that the study attempts to address. The problems are several, from "weak corporate technological culture" to "technological paradox" (a phrase that is not defined), and the apparent issues are technology-related (Singhry, 2015, p. 259). However, Singhry (2015) also cites the conflicting data produced by studies related to the relationship of supply chain tech and performance. The main goal of the study is to provide a guide for how to improve performance in the supply chain management area.

Singhry's research (2015) is effective in its ability to address specific issues, such as establishing a theoretical background for the study. He defines technology adequately by stating that it is a "dynamic capability" against the concept of collaboration which he posits is a "dynamic process."…

Performance Management Process and the CEO

Critique and evaluate considerations that are traditionally used to determine CEO compensation

Many reward compensations adopted by the CEOs of this era contain five primary components: limited stock grants, limited option grants, payouts for incentive plans, annual bonuses, and salary. While the amounts of bonuses, compensation and perquisites found in not-for-profit sectors may pale in comparison to those in the for-profit world, they generate combined reactions. Their existence can ignite debate, especially in periods of shrinking budgets and increasing costs. However, the ability to hire, maintain, and compensate CEOs is essential in all sectors, and is mostly achieved using a variety of executive compensation plans. The issues around the design of these systems in both the business and not-for-profit areas are similar (Bhattacharyya, 2011).

The last two decades have witnessed a drastic transformation of the executive compensation in many organizations. Compensation of top executives…

Organization Behavior

"Performance Management" and "People Performance"

Performance Management and People

"Performance Management" and "People Performance"

Management SUMMAY

The purpose of this paper is to discuss and critically evaluate the Performance Management model by Michael Armstrong and People Performance model by John Purcell. The paper starts with an ample introduction and significance of the employee performance management practices and proceeds by discussing the various concepts and strategies which are incorporated by business organizations all over the world. The major focus of the paper is to discuss the implications of these models for the success and prosperity of an organization. The main body of the paper discusses these models from a critical perspective and explains their major components in detail.

The most important strategies which are recommended by Performance Management model include performance appraisal and reviews, training and skills development, Management by Objectives (MBO), the techniques to manage the low performers,…

Contracts and Performance-Based Acquisition

A contract is a planned and legal agreement made between two or more parties with intent. It could be oral or written and may involve business individuals, employers and employees, or tenants and land lords. elations built through contracts emerge from offers given, reception, intentions, considerations and genuine consent, and legal agreement from which the contract began. Every person involved in a contract gains responsibilities and rights similar to those of other individuals in the contract. Legally, all parties benefit equally from the contract, meaning all members are entitled to equal rights whatsoever. While contracts remain enforceable whether they are spoken or written, a written contract ensures legal security to all parties involved. This is because a spoken contract will only depend on the loyalty of people involved but with not future reference whatsoever. A written contract on the other hand will have recorded details on…

Training and Development in Small Businesses

Effective training and development strategy

Training and development in business are paramount and particularly very essential in small businesses. Employees who have experience and competence contribute to both productivity and profitability of the business. For a medium-sized business to remain competitive, it requires ensuring the workforces gets maximum training and updating on ever changing skills and knowledge in the current global economy. According to Atwood (2008), training and development may prove expensive, but still it is worthwhile in reference to the achievement of long-term benefits of the business.

Dynamic Printers is a printing business that deals with printing services and sale of printing papers. It has 15 employees many of whom have been working in the business for the last five years. Such a business requires its staff to undergo continuous training to update on technology that is advancing every day. Apart from technological…

Honor Codes

In academic institutions throughout the world, there are systems of codes which dictate how administration expects the student bodies to behave. These codes can be different based upon the specific rules of the institution in question. Some have clothing rules, others alcohol or narcotic rules, but there are certain dictums which are more universal. Many schools have rules which dictate that students must behave in ways which the institution considers to be honorable. These honor codes can include different components, but it is primarily a pledge against cheating in any sense of the word. Students in many institutions must sign honor pledges wherein they promise that they will not cheat on their assignments or their examinations. Also, if they are witness to any dishonesty on the part of their classmates, then they are responsible for revealing that duplicity to members of the staff or administration. The students pledge…

Personnel record

Personnel records are data pertaining to employees which consist of factual and comprehensive information of employee. All employee information is kept in systematic order which assists human resources manager to make an effective decision about employee. Typically, personnel records consist of employee past records, medical report and employee progress. Personnel record also consist of payroll records, leave records, and benefit record and turnover record. Training and development record contains training schedule, transfer cases, and appraisal reports. Health and safety record contains medical history, safety provisions, sickness reports, and insurance reports. The service record contains essential records that consist of bio-data, family information, residential information, and marital status, academic qualifications, past address and employment records. While some critics argue that personnel records is a waste of time and money, however, Yoder (1942) provides several benefits that organization could derive from personnel record:

Personnel record assists managers to identify crucial…

However, none was found that centered on small hotels in China. This research add to the existing body of research by providing an assessment of the balanced scorecard method in this special business setting. The information obtained by this study will help to make small hotels in China more competitive and able to compete well into the future.

This research will play an important role in the development of the small hotel business in China in several important ways. It will help them to see what areas of their business need improvement, it will help them to pinpoint specific problems within their organization. It will help to bring weakness from obscurity into the forefront where solutions can be found. It will also show them their strengths and the area that could be developed for even greater prosperity in the future. This research will help small hotels to develop long-term vision…

Academic Studying and Development of Personal Skill: A Self-Regulatory Perspective by Barry I. Zimmerman, discusses the essential role that self-regulation plays in improving the academic performance of students, with the potential of also improving the individual's life throughout his/her development. Self-regulation, defined as "self-generated thoughts, feelings, and actions for attaining academic goals," is a primary tool, according to research, in determining efficacy in student development because it involves "personal initiative, resourcefulness, persistence, and sense of responsibility" -- that is, tools that make for "self-motivation," the catalyst for self-regulation to occur (73).

Thus, Zimmerman conducts this research based on two grounds: (1) there has been little literature on the topic of self-regulation among students, especially when applied in the educational setting; and (2) the potential of self-regulation as the primary determinant that explains a student's academic performance and "learning ability." Using the method of structured and in-depth/focused interviews of students, data…

The initial recommendation comes from the employee's direct supervisor and is then discussed with the general director and the payroll manager.

At the fourth stage, the performance review, the employee and his direct supervisor come once again face-to-face to discuss the outcome of the performance appraisal process. The employee is informed of the managerial decision regarding future remunerations, and a date for a new meeting is set. The new meeting will establish goals for the following year, ergo the cyclic characteristic of the appraisal system (Grote and Grote).

Aside for meeting the three scopes previously identified, performance appraisals also present the company with several benefits. For instance, they create a context in which the employee is introduced to his own core competencies and limitations, based on which he can better direct his future formation. Then, the employees take an active role in their own evaluation and get to know themselves…

It needs to be well understood because just like knowledge, ingorance cannot be talked about without basing on some individual or group. It should therfore be negotiated soically because it is socially constructed. Ignorance is treated indiscriminately and unitary whereby terms like uncertainity, ambiguity and vagueness are considered synonymous by most writing on disaster.Turner together with several other writers in the fields of disasters and hazards refer to about three ignorance senses consisting of distortion which he also calls misinformation, incompleteness and irrelevance whereby relevant information is discounted and overlooked. In order to prevent disasters, there are various ways in information which would be need is classified. The things which are not known; what is known but not entirely appreciated; something which someone knows but does not present it collectively with other information in a timely manner when there will be realization of its significance and action of its message…

Academic Success for Children

hat are some best practices that can improve the academic performance of children? This journal entry reviews scholarly literature that presents ideas for best practices regarding how children can achieve academic success. Also, the reasons for the statistical diversity within the diverse student population -- what causes the gap between achievers and those who struggle?

Is it Nature or Nurture?

There is no shortage of opinions when it comes to this issue, but an article in the New Scientist suggests it is more nature than nurture. Journalist Andy Coghlan reports on a study of twins conducted by the Institute of Psychiatry at King's College in the UK that claims academic success is based more on a child's genetic makeup than the environment the child is growing up in. The researchers tested 5,474 sets of twins -- 2,008 of those sets were identical -- and determined that…

wrong performance measurement systems?" In order answer question, conduct independent research, drawing sources academic practitioner literature. Through research,: • Identify key criticisms performance measurement systems management accounting research theory; • Explain problems identified occur, consequences problems organisations individuals; • Use relevant academic research develop support explanations.

Performance Measurement Systems

Companies that develop their businesses in competitive environments are required to differentiate themselves through increased performance. The importance of performance has increased because of its implications on productivity, profits, and development of companies. In order to benefit from improved performance levels, companies must identify the levels at which their performance is situated. This is the reason for which performance measurement systems have been developed.

Performance measurement systems allow companies to make evaluations regarding their process efficiency, but also to identify which process improvements are required mostly. These systems also help identify the most efficiency practices within companies. Based on this information,…

Economic and Professional Performance

This is a paper that explores the economic and professional performance of Mexican-American and Chinese-Americans.

There are six references used for this paper.

The United States is a country rich in diversity. It is interesting to look at Chinese-Americans and Mexican-Americans and determined their professional performance, as well as their economic performance.

Mexican-Americans

Mexican-Americans are one of several groups which make up the Hispanic population in the United States, and are found mostly "in California, Arizona, New Mexico, Colorado, and Texas. Although there may be cultural differences, most Hispanics share North American values, including a desire for upward mobility (Coates)."

Performance

Many Mexican-Americans find their efforts to improve their economic condition challenged by their language skills and education levels. The majority of Mexican-Americans speak Spanish and understand little or no English. Education "is a serious problem, partly because many Mexican-American families are migrant workers who move…

(McGannon, Carey and Dimmitt, 2005)

To address this need in the field of school counseling, the CSCOR has developed the National Panel for School Counseling Evidence-ased Practice, which is composed of school counseling educators and practitioners who have been identified as experts in the field. Panel members are currently evaluating existing methods of evidence-based practice by reviewing the research literature so that they may establish rules of evidence to determine whether a practice can be identified as evidence-based. The panel is identifying rules for judging strong evidence, identifying needed research, and communicating their findings to other practitioners and researchers. (McGannon, Carey, and Dimmitt, 2005)

The work of Jeremy M. Linton entitled: "Perceived Therapeutic Qualities of Counselor Trainees with Disabilities" states that a learning disability (LD) is present when the person's achievement in a specific academic area is significantly below the level expected for age, schooling, and level of intelligence. In…

Incentives and Performance

Kopelman, ., et al. (2012); Further Development of a Measure of Theory X and Y Managerial Assumptions. Journal of Managerial Issues. 24 (4): 450-62.

Certainly, there is no one best way to ensure that either employees or managers are properly motivated. Most scholarship, in fact, indicates that motivation is a balance between the task-relevant behavior and the maturity and acumen of the group in which the individual manages or participates in. In fact, motivation is the basic driving force that helps individuals work, change and actualize to achieve their goals. This motivational behavior may be intrinsic or extrinsic, depending upon the individual and the manner in which that individual's personality uses different sets of motivation to incur actualization. Much of the basic theory of motivation tends to be based on the work of Benjamin Maslow, not only on human needs, but on the manner in which those…

At this point we can conclusively deduce that the workforce at Telstra lacks intrinsic rewards as well as extrinsic rewards. The link between reward and performance is not clearly defined. However a certain amount of literature has indicated that a certain level of motivation is necessary in order to achieve certain desired results from the workforce.

Link between organizational strategy and the management of reward & performance

The Telstra management is strongly motivated towards the attainment of the various levels of superb performance by their employees towards their customers. There are however certain areas that are not consistent with the norm at the company. The organization strategy at Telstra is geared towards the attainment of unparalleled customer satisfaction .The reality on the ground however is that this is achieved via a series of moves such as the implementation of the Performance Improvement and Conduct Management (PICM), a system that has…

environmental, social and governance (ESG) performance and financial performance of companies

Investors are increasingly recognizing the fact that ESG (environmental, social, corporate governance) elements can substantially affect companies' security rates and financial performance. The aforementioned components' contribution to financial markets has been growing with the rise in number of ESG opportunities and risks within the contemporary international economy. Timely and improved organizational policy-related data access and the effect of organizational policy on communities have made it considerably convenient for customers to express their dissatisfaction by simply quitting a brand. When international brands' images are sullied by ESG-related problems, the resultant instantaneous backlash has the capacity of abruptly and negatively impacting income and demand (Eccles, Ioannou & Serafeim, 2014).

Organizations having a poor reputation when it comes to ESG related matters are vulnerable to monetary risks, including a very genuine threat of facing lawsuits in the future, greater remediation and regulatory…

LibQUAL+ to assess the performance of library services

M ORANDUM

SUBJ: How to Use LibQUAL+ to Assess the Performance of Library Services

This report is to provide you with the background and an overview of LibQUAL+, how it can be used to assess the performance of library services, and what the experts have said concerning its advantages and disadvantages. A summary of the research concerning LibQUAL+ will be provided in the concluding section, together with appropriate recommendations for its potential at this library.

Public libraries are now widely recognized as being an indispensable part of community life as promoters of literacy, providers of a wide range of reading for all ages, and centers for community information services. However, there is an increasing need today for libraries to achieve outcome-based assessment, rather then relying merely on input, output, or resource metrics; pressure for this shift in focus has come from funding…

Five-Year Plan

Academic goals

Following is the plan that I intend to pursue in coming five years of my academic life. A s currently I am enrolled in Bachelors academic program, I intend to accomplish Master's degree in coming three years. Prior to applying for the postgraduate program, I plan to take up a job in a medium sized organization so as to gain some professional experience. This will aid in the development of practical know how regarding the organizational management field. Having gained an experience of a year in a management firm, I shall complete my thesis work for the postgraduate degree. Having successfully accomplished postgraduate level of studies, I then plan to pursue doctors in organizational development. Concluding, I intend to achieve highest possible academic degree in the field of organizational management with specific focus on organizational development (OD).

Personal goals

My personal goals are in consistency with…

Secondly, performance-related pay increases prevents inflationary tendencies since such increases are the outcomes of increased productivity. Managers and employees are benefited by performance-related pay increases in the following way: when profit or performance goes up higher earnings go to the employees. However, when the profits come down, the lowering of performance-related pay can protect employees from job losses. Moreover, there is enhanced motivation as employee can identify with the success of the business. Depending on the information-sharing habits of the management, pay variations may result in employees knowing more about fortunes and misfortunes that a business goes through. (de Silva, 1998)

Other advantages of performance-related pay include the following: it is an effective method of coping with poor performance; introducing such a reward system can help to develop a performance culture within the company; it can work as a direct incentive for employees to help reach defined job targets; an…