Hindu Christian Relations in Manipur

Aghamkar, Atul. “Traditional Hindu Views and Attitudes Toward Christianity.” Global
Missiology English, 2, no. 5 (2008). Available at: http://ojs.globalmissiology.org/index.php/english/article/view/244/684
The author describes how the common Hindus of today in India inherited their views from the Hindu Renaissance leaders. Thus, these leaders’ views are helpful in understanding the common approach toward Christianity in India. The article reveals how there remains tension between the Hindus and Christians of the region.
Bauman, Chad. “Pentecostals and Interreligious Conflict in India: Proselytization,
Marginalization, and Anti-Christian Violence.” Pentecostudies: An Interdisciplinary Journal for Research on the Pentecostal and Charismatic Movements, 16, no. 1 (2017).
Bauman locates the nexus of anti-Christian violence in India particularly in the Pentecostal religion, which is especially agitating to Hindu nationalists. The study examines how Pentecostalists’ assertiveness and evangelizing activity as well as its ecclesiastical, liturgical, theological and social aspects are offensive both to Hindu nationalists and to upper caste Christians as well. The study suggests that the fact that Pentecostals dare to expand beyond their place is what makes them so irksome to Hindus and caste-conscious Indians.
Bengali, Shashank. “Hindu Activists Organize Mass “Reconversion Camps” in India.
Los Angeles Times, 25 Dec 2014. Available at: http://www.latimes.com/world/asia/la-fg-india-conversions-20141225-story.html
The article notes that hundreds of thousands of Christians are being converted to Hinduism by the nationalist Hindu group RSS. This is being supported by Prime Minister Modi who sees Hinduism as central to Indian culture, thus placing a question mark on the idea of equal rights among Hindus and Christians, particularly in the Northeast.
Bhaumik, Subir. “Ethnicity, ideology and religion: Separatist movements in India’s
Northeast.” Religious radicalism and security in South Asia. Honolulu: Asia-Pacific Centre for Security Studies (2004): 219-244.
The article examines the way Christianity gained roots in the hills of the region while Hinduism remained entrenched in the plains. The conflict between the two still exists and the guarantee of equal rights is uncertain in spite of political gesturing. There is much instability in the region as a result of this tension.
Cavallin, Clemens, and Julia Kuhlin. “Violence against Christians in India: A Critical
Discourse Analysis of Two Indian English Newspapers.” Journal of Hindu-Christian Studies 27, no. 1 (2014): 7.
This study examines depictions of Hindu-Christian religions in the two largest English-print newspapers in India and shows how equal rights are still very much a social problem particularly in the Northeast. The study shows that conflict among the Hindus and Christians remains very clear from newspaper accounts.
Dowerah, Simantik. “Rise of Hindutva in North East: Christians in Nagaland, Mizoram
May Weaken BJP Despite RSS’ Gains in Tripura, Meghalaya.” First Post, 21 Apr 2017. Available at: http://www.firstpost.com/politics/rise-of-hindutva-in-north-east-rss-bjp-face-challenge-in-nagaland-and-mizoram-better-off-in-meghalaya-tripura-3369560.html
This article notes how Meghalaya is a predominantly Christian state but that the Hindu nationalists of the RSS are gaining ground there and looking to contest the power and politics of the Christians in the region. However, the RSS officially recognizes and welcomes Christians into its organization, according to the article. This article describes the RSS as welcoming of Christians in the region, though other studies have shown that the RSS is actually plotting against Christianity and Pentecostals in particular because of the nature of that specific sect but also because they view Christianity as foreign. This article suggests that such views are held by fringe or radical members of the RSS and that the official RSS does not hold them.
The Economist. “A Safe House for Dangerous Men.” 9 Mar 2007. Available at:
http://www.economist.com/node/8797972
The article describes how the Pentecostal missionaries are the few people who can slip into Manipur, a mostly Hindu region sandwiched between two majority Christian regions in Northeast India. The missionaries proselytize to the hill people who are untouchables, and who are happy to embrace the assistance of the Westerners.
Hazarika, Joysankar. Geopolitics of North East India: A Strategical Study. 2013.
The author examines Hindu-Christian relations in the 21st century from a geopolitical point of view and concludes that the question of rights and equality is one that will persist for as long as competing ideologies remain in the region.
Inoue, Kyoko. “Integration of the North East: The state formation process.” Sub-Regional
Relations in the Eastern South Asia: With Special Focus on India’s North Eastern Region (2005): 16-30.
The study discusses the rise of Christianity in Nagaland and the role of ethnicity and religious identity in Hindu-Christian relations. The study shows how it is difficult to define the region in the same manner as the rest of India because of its different heritage. The region is shown to be dissimilar to much of the rest of India in ideological terms and thus it is not surprising that Hindu-Christian relations should be different there.
Kuhlin, Julia. “Hindu-Christian Relations in the Everyday Life of North Indian
Pentecostals.” Journal of Hindu-Christian Studies 28, no. 1 (2015): 6.
The author describes how Hindu-Christian relations are tense in India and how equal rights are not really in existence particularly in the Hindu-dominated northeastern regions. The article focuses in particularly on Pentecostals as receiving the brunt of antagonism from Hindu nationalists who do not approve of their religious customs and practices.
Menon, Kalyani Devaki. “Converted innocents and their trickster heroes: The politics of
proselytizing in India.” The anthropology of religious conversion (2003): 43-54.
The article describes how Hindu nationalists believe Indians are converted to Christianity because they are tricked by missionaries. The article exposes a rift between Hindus and Christians in the Northeast of India.
Ray, Sohini. “Boundaries Blurred? Folklore, Mythology, History and the Quest for an
Alternative Genealogy in North-east India1.”  Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society 25, no. 2 (2015): 247-267.
Ray notes that an anti-Hindu movement has risen in Manipur and has led to a strained political relationship with the rest of India. The study examines the desire of ethnic groups in Manipur to formulate their own separate ethnic identity separate from the rest of the Indian identity (predominantly Hindu).
Singha, Komol. “Understanding Ethnicity-based Autonomy Movements: A Study of
Manipur.” Studies in Indian Politics 5, no. 1 (2017): 55-66.
The study examines the ethnic conflicts in the Northeast of India and the anti-Hindu movement in particular among groups seeking an alternative religious identity. The study focuses on the Manipur region and highlights the role that history plays in the state.
Snaitang, O. I. “The Indigenous Pentecostal Movement in Northeast India.” Dharma
Deepika, 6, no. 2 (2002), 6.
The author stresses the importance that Bible translation played in the indigenous rise of the Pentecostal Movement in Northeast India. One interesting point to note is that in the beginning days of the revival, tongue-speaking was not approved of by some missionaries—however, approval came once they saw the allure that it had for many Indians.
Zaimov, Stoyan. “Hindu Radicals Beat 60 Christians Worshiping at Pentecostal Church,
Strip Women Naked.” Christian Post, 9 Mar 2016. Available at: https://www.christianpost.com/news/hindu-radicals-beat-60-christians-worshiping-pentecostal-church-india-destroy-bibles-159035/
The article discusses how Indian legislation threatens to undermine the social standing and authority of Christian dalits, as it favors Hinduism over Christianity against a backdrop of random violence against Pentecostals.